英语翻译我国盐业史上的盐业专卖制已有2700余年历史,从战国时期齐相管仲的“盐业专卖”,直至抗战时期实行“盐专卖,民制宫

英语翻译
我国盐业史上的盐业专卖制已有2700余年历史,从战国时期齐相管仲的“盐业专卖”,直至抗战时期实行“盐专卖,民制宫收,商运商销”的制度.期间,著名改革家、思想家辈出,这里就包括桑、刘二人.西汉中期所形成的桑弘羊的盐政改革思想与唐中后期形成的刘晏的盐法改革思想,实际上是我国古代具有代表性的盐政思想.桑弘羊的经济思想为后来许多思想家和改革家所借鉴,服务于封建政治和社会经济.刘晏盐法改革在许多方面都借鉴和吸取了桑弘羊的盐政改革的宝贵思想,对唐朝增加财政税收,社会政治经济稳定做出了极大贡献.而刘晏的这些改革思想同样也深远影响着后人,如宋王安石、明张居正、清晚曾国藩等人,为其后的封建社会经济制度的完善起到了重要作用.比较和研究两位思想家的改革思想的深远意义.
关键词：盐政改革 榷盐制度 财政收入 国家垄断

The monopolization of salt in history had been in existence for over 2700 years,from “salt monopolization” of Guangzhong,the prime minister of Qi,in the Warring States Period to “monopolization,non-governmental produce and official purchase,commercial transportation and sale” in the period of Anti-Japan War.During this long history we see outstanding reformers and ideologists coming out in succession,including San Hong Yang (SHY) and Liu Man (LM).The ideology of SHY forming in the middle Western Han Dynasty,and the one of LM forming in the middle and late Tang Dynasty were representative in ancient China.SHY’s reforming ideology on economy was referred to by following ideologists and reformers and severed the feudal politics and economy.LM’s reform on the laws of salt monopolization,consulting and absorbing SHY’s ideology,made great contribution to increasing fiscal revenue and stabilizing society,politics and economy.LM’s reforming ideology also profoundly influenced successors such as Wang An shi in the Song Dynasty,Zhang Ju Zheng in the Ming Dynasty,and Zeng Guo Fan in the late Qing Dynasty,and had great effect on improving the later feudal system of society and economy.Study and comparison of the reforming ideologies of these two ideologists are of profound significance.
Key words:reform of salt monopolization,salt monopolizing system,fiscal revenue,state monopoly.