定语从句先行词怎么用把所有情况列举一下 急用!

定语从句先行词怎么用
把所有情况列举一下 急用!

定语从句（一）概念：He is the boy who often goes to school late. 先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose（定语）注：在定语从句中作主语或作宾语.关系副词： when, where, why, how.注：在定语从句中作状语. （二）原则： a. 定语从句必须紧跟在先行词后面,限制修饰先行词.b. 定语从句必须用关系词来引导.c. 关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分. （三）定语从句可分为两大类,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明.这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.② 非限制性定语从句.它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词起补充,说明的作用,也就是说即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响.主从句之间常用逗号分开,且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导.This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.He was taken to another room, where he found a wounded boy, who was dying. （四）引导词：关系代词与关系副词She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan.Is this the key which you are looking for?October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded.This is the house where the great man was born.I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.（1）who 指人,在定语从句中作主语/宾语,不能省略.His father is the person who will be most unhappy. 他父亲将是感到最不高兴的人.（2） whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语.Do you know Mr. Zhang whom they like very much? 你认识他们非常喜欢的张先生吗?（3）whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语.He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman. 他是我们班唯一一个爸爸是警察的学生.（4）which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.作主语时,指物可与that 互换；做宾语时可省略.如果作介词宾语,且介词提前,则不能省略,也不能替换为that.This is the magazine about which we were talking. =This is the magazine（which/= that）we were talking about. This is the room（which/ that）I painted last week.（作宾语可省略）（5）that指物/人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.作主语时,指人可与who替换；指物可与which 替换.做宾语时可以省略.The book that（=which）cost me a lot of money is interesting.The hero that（=who）saved me from the fire is a PLA man.The book（that/ which）I bought yesterday is well written. 下列定语从句只能用that来引导：1. 先行词为形容词最高级所修饰This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.2. 先行词为序数词所修饰I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel.This is the first composition that he has ever written in English. 3. 先行词既包括人又包括物They talked of things and persons that happened in the school.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.4. 主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句Who is the man that came this morning? Which is the bag that you lost?5. 先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰 He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember. 6. 先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much, everybody等不定代词Tell us everything that you know, please.Is there anything that you don’t understand?7. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰All that glitters is not gold.I’ve read all the books that you gave me. 只能用which,不用that 的情况：1. 在非限制性定语从句中.例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.2. 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. （五）“介词+ 关系词”及关系副词when, where, why1. The box is full of bottles. He is standing on the box. →The box on which he is standing is full of bottles.The box where he is standing is full of bottles.2. This is the train. We work on the train. →This is the train on which we work. This is the train where we work.3. I know the reason. She did it for the reason. →I know the reason for which she did it. I know the reason why she did it.4. The man is our school master. You shook hands with the man just now. →The man with whom you shook hands is our schoolmaster.5. The pen is made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen. →The pen with which she is writing is made in Shanghai.不能拆开的词组： look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off… （六）关系代词在从句中作主语,谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致.The student who is good at English studies hard.The students who are good at English study hard.对比：He is one of the students who are good at English.（英语好的不止他一人,他是他们中的一员）He is the one of the students who is good at English. （学生不止一人,他们中只有一人英语好） （七）as 作为关系代词,习惯上用于下列词组：the same.as such ...as as ... as, so…as1. Take as many books as you want.2. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.3. He read such books as will make him wiser.4. The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.As 用于非限制性定语从句,常见以下句型：as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can imagine, as has been pointed out注意： as与which的用法区别：as与 which在非限制性定语从句中,都可指代整个主句,但as引导的从句可放在主句的句首, 句中或句尾, 而 which引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth, as we have seen.She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honour. （八）the same…as, the same …that 的区别This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. （相似的事物）I am wearing the same coat that I wore yesterday. （同一事物） （九）定语从句和同位语从句的区别： 定语从句相当于形容词作定语,对先行词加以限制或修饰,同位语从句相当于名词,对先行词加以补充或说明,连接词that在定语从句中充当某个成分,而that在同位语从句不充当句子成分.The promise that my uncle gave me made us happy.（定语从句）The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made us happy.（同位语从句）The news that they had won came.（十）关系代词what和that, which的区别： 先比较下列句子中的what和that：He told us the things that he had seen. →He told us what he had seen.This is the words which I said. →This is what I said.可以看出what 实际上等于是 “the thing that（which）”, 即 “先行词+关系代词”.因此在句中如果已有先行词,则不能用what,而只能用that（which）,如没有先行词,则用what.what是一个没有先行词的连接代词,连接名词从句,如：宾语从句,主语从句等.