英语翻译In this context,methods of reliability led to more signi

英语翻译
In this context,methods of reliability led to more significant
techniques that have been advanced based on a more
rational evaluation of incurred risks.Such methods enable
quantitative evaluation of the default risk of a given tube by
considering uncertainties brought into play (loading,properties
materials,temperature,etc.),and to optimize tube design
for the considered risk [1].Considering dubious mechanical
analyses is an essential condition for an optimal and robust
dimensioning of structures.This objective led to the development
of probabilistic approaches for the mechanics of structures
for several decades.These methods make it possible to
study reliability of components or systems and the influence
of the variability of variables of design on the behavior of such
components or systems.Methods of coupling mechanicreliability
engineering must then integrate increasingly complex
mechanical modeling (behavior non-linear,dynamic,
tiredness,breaking process,etc.) to make studies on reliability
effective and exploitable.This necessary complexity causes
analyses to become increasingly demanding in terms of computing
time.Tubes made with high-strength low-alloy steels
are used to construct gas and oil pipelines for transporting
pressurized hydrocarbons over long distances.Pipelines are
subjected to high amounts of stress because of internal fluid
pressure,overlaying soil,surface traffic,and environmental
attacks that can lead to damage,especially under failed passive
protective coating.The main causes of such damage are
stress corrosion cracking,wall thickness reduction,and the
presence of stress concentrators [2].Moreover,during the
manufacturing process of the pipe,thermal and mechanical
deformations often produce residual stresses.Generated residual
stresses are often very high,sometimes approaching material
yield strength; however,their effects are not evident until
the structure is fully loaded or exposed to a service environment
[1,3,4].Tensile surface residual stresses are detrimental
because they increase susceptibility of the component to fatigue
damage,stress corrosion,and even fracture.
The objective of this work consists of coupling with the
mechanical model,an approximate model of probability obtained
by statistical training.The effectiveness of this model is
then measured by the number of mechanical calculations necessary
to build a robust substitute for the concerned analysis,
which is reliability or sensitivity.

在这种情况下,方法的可靠性带来了更多的significanttechniques已经先进的基于一个合理的评价所产生的风险.对一个给定的管过程中发挥的不确定性等方法enablequantitative违约风险评价（加载,propertiesmaterials,温度,等）,和优化管设计中考虑风险[ 1 ].考虑到可疑的mechanicalanalyses是最佳的robustdimensioning结构的一个必要条件.这一目标的LED的structuresfor几十年的力学发展的概率方法.这些方法使其部件或系统的可靠性和可能影响研究的设计变量对suchcomponents或系统行为的变化.耦合mechanicreliabilityengineering方法必须将越来越复杂机械建模（行为的非线性,动态,疲劳,断裂的过程,使reliabilityeffective等）和可利用的研究.这必要的复杂性causesanalyses越来越苛刻的机时.用高强度低合金钢制成管steelsare用来构造气transportingpressurized烃和长距离输油管道.管道纵向高量的应力由于内部压力,上覆土层,地面交通,和environmentalattacks可以导致损伤,特别是在没有passiveprotective涂层.这种损害是压力腐蚀开裂的主要原因,壁厚减薄,和应力集中[ 2 ]的存在.此外,制造过程中的管,热mechanicaldeformations经常产生的残余应力.产生的残余往往很高,有时接近materialyield强度；然而,其效果并不明显,直到结构完全加载或暴露于服务环境[ 1,3,4 ].拉伸表面残余应力对疲劳损伤detrimentalbecause他们增加,构件的应力腐蚀敏感性,甚至断裂.这项工作的目的是由力学模型耦合,得到的概率统计训练一个近似模型.通过力学计算的数量来衡量该模型的有效性将需要建立一个强大的有关分析的替代品,这是可靠性和灵敏度.