英语翻译《The old man and the sea》 was published 1952 after the b

英语翻译
《The old man and the sea》 was published 1952 after the bleakest ten years in Hemingway's literary career.His last major work,Across the River and into the Trees,was condemned as unintentional self-parody,and people began to think that Hemingway had exhausted his store of ideas.Santiago 's story was originally conceived as part of a larger work,including material that later appeared in Islands in the Stream.This larger work,which Hemingway referred to as "The Sea Book," was proving difficult,and when Hemingway received positive reviews of the Santiago story,known then as "The Sea in Being ," he decided to allow it to be published independently.He wrote to publisher Charles Scribner in October 1951,"This is the prose that I have been working for all my life that should read easily and simply and seem short and yet have all the dimensions of the visible world and the world of man's spirit.It is as good prose as I can write as of now." The Old Man and the Sea,published in its entirety in one edition of Life magazine,was an instant success.In two days the September 1st edition of Life sold 5,300,000 copies and the book version sold 153,000.The novella soared to the top of the best-seller list and remained there for six months.At first,critical reception was warm.Many hailed it as Hemingway's best work,and no less than William Faulkner said,"Time may show it to be the best single piece of any of us,I mean his and my contemporaries." Others,however,complained of artificiality in the characterization and excess sentimentality.Despite these detractors,The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the 1953 Pulitzer Prize and American Academy of Arts and Letters' Award of Merit Medal for the Novel and played a significant role in Hemingway's selection for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.For the first fifteen or so years after its publication,critical response remained largely positive.Since the mid-60's,however,the work has received sustained attacks from realist critics who decry the novella's unrealistic or simply incorrect elements,e.g.the alleged eight rows of teeth in the macho’s mouth or the position of the star Riesel.Through the 1970's the book became less and less the subject of serious literary criticism,and the view of the book as embarrassingly narcissistic,psychologically simplistic,and overly sentimental became more and more entrenched.While The Old Man and the Sea is popularly beloved and assigned reading for students in the US and around the world,critical opinion places it among Hemingway's less significant works.

《父亲和海洋》 是发行1952之后萧瑟的十年在Hemingway文学的事业.他的最后的主修课工作,横过河和到树,是被责难的同样地无意的自己-拙劣模仿,和人开始到想那Hemingway有用完地他的贮藏想法的.圣地亚哥's故事是最初构思大的工作的同样地部分,包括材料那最近的出现在岛在溪.这大的工作,哪个Hemingway referred到同样地"海洋书," 是证明困难的,和就在那个时候Hemingway已收到肯定的复查圣地亚哥故事的,知名的然后同样地"海洋现有的," 他确定的到允许它到是发行独立地.他书写到发行人查尔斯Scribner在10月1951,"这是散文那我有是工作尽管我的生命那应该读容易地和简单和似乎简略可是有看得见的世界的全部的维和男人的精神的世界.它是同样地好散文同样地我能书写现在的同样地." 父亲和海洋,发行在它的全部成为一体生命杂志的版本,是立即的成功.分成两半天9月1st生命的版本出售5,300,000警官和书版本出售153,000.中篇小说高扬到的顶部最好的-卖方列表和保持在那里为了六月.起先,评论的接待是暖和的.多数冰雹它同样地Hemingway最好的工作,和正如William Faulkner说,"时间可能表示它到是任何的的我们的最好的单一的块,我低劣的他的和我的同时代的人." 其他的,然而,抱怨人工在描述和过度多愁善感.不管.这些诽谤者,父亲和海洋是奖1953 Pulitzer奖赏和艺术的美国人学院和优点奖章的文字'奖为了小说和播放有意义的角色在Hemingway选择为了诺贝尔奖为了文学在1954.为了首先十五大约年之后它的出版物,评论的回答保持主要地肯定的.自从mid-60's,然而,工作已收到持续不变的进攻从现实主义者批评家谁谴责中篇小说的不实在的或简单错误的原理,e.g.牙齿的所谓八行在macho’s嘴或星的位置Riesel.穿过1970's书变得越来越少的严肃的文学的批评的题目,和书同样地的查看embarrassingly孤芳自赏,心理上地过分单纯化的,和过度地感伤性的变得越来越多保卫.当父亲和海洋是一般地心爱的和赋值阅读为了学生在我们和周围世界,评论的意见地方它之中Hemingway较少有意义的工作.