英语翻译4.Limitations of land treatment systemsApplication of sl

英语翻译
4.Limitations of land treatment systems
Application of sludge and effluent to a tree crop is often perceived as purely a cheap method of disposing of the waste.Therefore,concentrating all the material on to the smallest land area feasible is common practice.The irrigation plant,pumping costs,and land use costs will be minimised as a result,but the trees usually become stressed due to hydraulic over-loading of the soil.Consequently,tree growth is reduced,resulting in a severe risk of non-point source pollution from surface run-off into waterways and leaching of unacceptably high levels of nutrients into the groundwater.
The preferred approach,from a sustainable point of view,is to manage the waste in a carefully designed manner by distributing it at lower rates over a sufficiently large area of land and at acceptably long time intervals such that the nutrients can be effectively taken up by the crop and therefore recycled.This practice would reduce the risk of soil or water pollution.The additional capital and operational costs for distributing a given volume of aqueous waste over the greater land area required would be substantial.There would be considerable costs involved for whatever system of aqueous waste disposal was envisaged,but with a land treatment system,an added advantage is that the value of the crop produced would offset the disposal cost.
The philosophy of treating the waste as a resource and utilising it in order to optimise crop production has yet to be accepted by many designers of land treatment systems,who continue to regard the practice as purely a disposal option.[9] In a balanced system,plant uptake of water and nutrients,together with changes in waste constituents brought about by soil biological,physical and chemical processes,should lead to complete waste neutralisation.In practice,totally avoiding any adverse discharge whatsoever from a land treatment site would be difficult to achieve,but by using a proper design based on the land-limiting component of the waste,and selecting a crop based on the soil type and nature of the waste stream,acceptable treatment targets could be met.
Knowledge concerning all the processes operating in land treatment facilities is incomplete.Present systems tend to fail due to poor management and excessive applications above their design limits.More extensive systems with lower loading rates and large buffering capacities can more confidently be offered in competition with conventional waste treatment practices.In the future,more intensively managed systems may be able to be designed and implemented with greater confidence of success as the understanding of the overall biological,chemical and physical system improves.
兄弟，要是用软件翻译也得弄通顺了是吧……

土地处理系统的局限性
通常情况下,将污泥和废水用于作物只是一种处理废弃物的简便方法.因此, 将所有的材料集中在可行的最小面积上是一种常用的方法.这样的话,应将灌溉设备、抽水成本以及土地使用成本降到最低,但是由于土壤的水力负荷过大, 树木一般会受压. 结果,减小了树木生长速度,极可能导致从地面径流到水道的非点源污染,还促使令人难以接受的大量养分进入地下水中.
从另一种角度看,有一种更好的方法,那就是——在较低的程度下,在允许的时间间隔内将废弃物均匀的放置在面积足够大的地方来管理废弃物,这样的话,植物可以有效地吸收养分,从而实现回收利用.此方法会降低水污染或土壤污染的可能性. 在面积较大的地方使用规定量的废水的资金和操作成本会很充足.任何废水处理系统所需要的成本是很大的,但是,土地处理系统的一个额外优势在于：所产出的农作物的价值将抵消废水处理的成本.
把废弃物当作一种资源的理念以及把它用于优化农作物生产并没有得到土地处理系统设计者们的认可, 他们只是单纯地把这种行为当作处理废物的一种方式.【9】在一个平衡系统中,植物吸收水分、养分以及在土壤的生物变化、物理变化与化学变化下发生变异的土壤成分,这会完全中和废弃物.在实践过程中,让某一个土地处理现场完全避免出现任何不良排泄物是难很做到的,但是,通过在废弃物的土地限制成分基础上合理地设计,并根据土壤类型和废水的性质选择农作物是可以达到可接受的处理目标的.关于土地处理设备的所有操作步骤的信息并不完整.由于不遵循它们的设计限制,管理不善和过度使用,当前的系统往往无法成功.与传统的废物处理方法相比较,用具有较低的承载率和较大的缓冲量的更广泛的系统更值得信赖.随着对整个生物、化学和物理系统的理解的不断提高,将来会设计并使用更多的集中管理系统,而且这些系统将具有更大的成功几率.
这是我手工翻译出来的,希望你至少可以看得懂