英语翻译1.Stock BasicsWhat are stocks?Stocks are a share in the

英语翻译
1.Stock Basics
What are stocks?Stocks are a share in the ownership of a company.This means you that you own a small portion of everything the company owns.As an owner,you are entitled to your share of the profits and can vote on important decisions and rulings.A stock is represented by a piece of paper that proves that you have ownership.This fancy piece of paper represents one share of the company.The more shares you accumulate,your ownership stake increases.Also one stock usually is entitled to one vote when electing board of directors at annual meetings.
As a company shareholder,you are entitled to a portion of the earnings made by the company.These earnings are usually paid out in the form of dividends.One important aspect of stocks is the limited liability feature.This means you are not responsible for the company’s debts or losses.You can never lose more than the original investment as a shareholder.
Since a shareholder is a part owner of the company,you take the risk of the company not being successful.This means a return is not guaranteed and if the company goes bankrupt,you are not entitled to any payout until all the creditors have been paid out first.
2.Types of Stocks
Stocks can be broken up into 3 categories; common stock,preferred stock,and class stock.Common stock makes up the majority of stocks.As a common stock holder,you have a right to claim dividends and get to have one vote per share when electing board of directors.
Preferred stocks do not come with the same voting rights but comes with a guaranteed fixed dividend.This is different from common stock because common stock’s dividend is never guaranteed.So in reality,preferred stock is more like a bond,which pays out a return.
Companies sometimes issue different classes of stock.Usually this is done to differentiate voting rights to different classes.One class might be entitled to 5 votes per each share while the other class is the normal 1 vote to each share.Class A and Class B are the typical designations.
3.Exchanges
Stocks are traded on exchanges where buyers and sellers meet.There are two types of exchanges,virtual and physical.Physical exchanges are your traditional trade floors where traders are yelling and signaling to each other to buy and sell stock.Virtual exchanges are comprised of a network of computers where all the trading is done electronically.
In the U.S.there are 3 main exchanges,the NYSE,Nasdaq,and Amex.The New York Stock exchange is the most prestigious and was found over 200 years ago.This exchange is the home of America’s largest companies like McDonald’s and General Electric.This exchange has a physical location with floor traders actively selling and buying.A specialist is assigned to each stock whose job is to match the buyers with the sellers.Once a trade is made,the trade summary is sent back to the broker who then notifies the investor who placed the order.

1. 股票基础常识
什么是股票? 股票公司股权的分享. 这意味着你自己也拥有公司拥有的一部分. 作为业主,你现在可以分享利润,也具有投票权来做的重要决定和裁决. 股就是你拥有所有权的一纸证明. 这张特殊的纸代表公司的一个份额. 你累积的股份越多,你的股权也越多. 另外, 在董事会改选的年度会议中一股通常都享有一票的选举权,
作为一家公司的股东,你就是公司一部份的收入的分享者. 这些收益通常股息的形式发放. 股票的一个重要方面就是其有限责任特征. 这意味着你不用负责,公司的债务或损失. 你所失去的永远不会比你投资的多.
因为股东也是公司的拥有人, 你承受了公司可能失败的风险. 这意味着资金的收回得不到保证, 如果公司倒闭了, 你没有权利回收任何的投资, 直到所有债权人已经支付了赔款.
2. 股票种类
股票可以分为三大类; 普通股,首选股票,级别股票. 普通股占大多数. 作为一个普通股持有者 你有权利要求股息, 以及在选举董事时, 每股都有一票的投票权.
优先股并不等同于普通的选举权, ,而只是确保固定的股息. 这不同于普通股票,因为普通股票的股利是永远没有保证的. 因此,在现实中,首选股票就如同债券,之后总会得到回报.
有时公司发行不同级别的股票. 通常这样做是为了区分不同等级的投票权. 一个级别可享受每股5票, 而另一个级别可能只能享受每股一票的待遇. A和B是典型的级别名称.
3. 交易
股票交易是在卖双方见面时进行的交换活动. 有两种类型的交换, 虚拟和实体. 实体交换就是你在传统贸易的交易所中, 所见到的, 那里股票交易者通过大声的呼叫来彼此传递买卖的信号,. 虚拟交换主要是由计算机网络构成, 所有的交易是透过电子方式进行的.
在美国有3个主要的交易所,纽约证券交易所,纳斯达克指数和美国股票交易所. 纽约证交所是最负盛名的, 建立于200多年前. 这种交换是美国的一些大公司如麦当劳和通用电气公司的交易所. 这种交易有一个实际的地点, 交易者积极的买卖. 每一个股票都有一个专门负责给买卖双方分配股票的人员 一旦买卖成交, 交易总结就寄回给经纪人, 然后经纪人再通知投资者.