作业帮求大神翻译一段英语 土木工程专业的 要通顺 跪求
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求大神翻译一段英语 土木工程专业的 要通顺 跪求
1. Introduction
Fig. 1 illustrates the typical known water in"ltration locations for a pavement
structure (in North American terminology the pavement surface refers to the driving
surface). E!ective highway drainage is vital to minimise the e!ects of water damage.
This includes surface drainage, groundwater lowering and internal drainage. Initially
the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) adopted the use of open grade
drainage layers (OGDL) below the pavement surface that extended under the high-
way shoulder surface so as to daylight on the ditch slope surface. Hajek et al. (1992)
reported that this technique for removing internal water was unsatisfactory, and that
free water was retained at the pavement edge shoulder. To allow for the gravity
drainage of this free water MTO modi"ed their internal drainage practice by provid-
ing retro"tted edge drains at the pavement edge. This work presents investigations
from six sites, each involving numerous excavations, dealing with one aspect of
internal drainage, namely edge drainage, and then describes the new MTO practice
adopted for retro"tted edge drain installations. The work updates/"nalizes the pre-
liminarywork presentedearlier(Raymond et al., 1995a, 1995b,1996a, 1996b).Internal
drainage is the collection and discharge of water that may enter the pavement
structure through the surface course, surface cracks, granular shoulders or from the
subgrade. Internal drainage is helped by subdrains,
1. Introduction
Fig. 1 illustrates the typical known water in"ltration locations for a pavement
structure (in North American terminology the pavement surface refers to the driving
surface). E!ective highway drainage is vital to minimise the e!ects of water damage.
This includes surface drainage, groundwater lowering and internal drainage. Initially
the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) adopted the use of open grade
drainage layers (OGDL) below the pavement surface that extended under the high-
way shoulder surface so as to daylight on the ditch slope surface. Hajek et al. (1992)
reported that this technique for removing internal water was unsatisfactory, and that
free water was retained at the pavement edge shoulder. To allow for the gravity
drainage of this free water MTO modi"ed their internal drainage practice by provid-
ing retro"tted edge drains at the pavement edge. This work presents investigations
from six sites, each involving numerous excavations, dealing with one aspect of
internal drainage, namely edge drainage, and then describes the new MTO practice
adopted for retro"tted edge drain installations. The work updates/"nalizes the pre-
liminarywork presentedearlier(Raymond et al., 1995a, 1995b,1996a, 1996b).Internal
drainage is the collection and discharge of water that may enter the pavement
structure through the surface course, surface cracks, granular shoulders or from the
subgrade. Internal drainage is helped by subdrains,
1.景区简介
图1说明了典型的“水在路面过滤的位置
结构（在北美术语路面是驱动
表面）.E!在公路排水是最小化E至关重要!好水损害.
这包括地表排水,地下水位下降和内引流.最初的
安大略运输部（MTO）采用开放式分级使用
排水层（OGDL）低于路面下的高扩展性—
以日光对沟坡表面上的表面.哈耶克等人.1992.
报道说,这一技术去除内部水是不能令人满意的,
自由水被保留在路面边缘的肩膀.允许重力
这种自由水MTO Modi排水”了他们的内部排水的实践运用—
ING复古”设置边缘排水管在路面边缘.本文研究了
从六个站点,每个涉及众多的发掘,处理的一个方面
内引流术,即边排水,然后介绍了新的生产实践
采用复古”设置边缘排水设施.工作更新/”nalizes预—
liminarywork presentedearlier（雷蒙德等人,1995年,1995年.,1996a,1996b）内
排水系统是收集和排放水可能进入路面
通过结构面层,表面裂纹,颗粒的肩膀或从
路基.内部排水暗管的帮助,
图1说明了典型的“水在路面过滤的位置
结构（在北美术语路面是驱动
表面）.E!在公路排水是最小化E至关重要!好水损害.
这包括地表排水,地下水位下降和内引流.最初的
安大略运输部（MTO）采用开放式分级使用
排水层（OGDL）低于路面下的高扩展性—
以日光对沟坡表面上的表面.哈耶克等人.1992.
报道说,这一技术去除内部水是不能令人满意的,
自由水被保留在路面边缘的肩膀.允许重力
这种自由水MTO Modi排水”了他们的内部排水的实践运用—
ING复古”设置边缘排水管在路面边缘.本文研究了
从六个站点,每个涉及众多的发掘,处理的一个方面
内引流术,即边排水,然后介绍了新的生产实践
采用复古”设置边缘排水设施.工作更新/”nalizes预—
liminarywork presentedearlier（雷蒙德等人,1995年,1995年.,1996a,1996b）内
排水系统是收集和排放水可能进入路面
通过结构面层,表面裂纹,颗粒的肩膀或从
路基.内部排水暗管的帮助,