英语翻译传统的行动模型,强调情绪或态度的不满在集体行动中支配性地位,这种解释在复杂的社会结构和理性的行动者个体面前似乎已

英语翻译
传统的行动模型,强调情绪或态度的不满在集体行动中支配性地位,这种解释在复杂的社会结构和理性的行动者个体面前似乎已经不再那么被信服了.在当前直接论及间接涉及到社会集体行动的论述时,大家似乎都倾向于以下两种解释：一是结构性选择,二是理性选择.
结构-行为选择理论,突破了个体的态度以及好恶之性情的传统行动主义,强调集体行动中的结构性位置的相近性或一致性,而促使了集体行动.其中,以美国著名学者J.米格代尔先生为代表,他在其著作《农民、政治与革命——第三世界政治与社会变革的压力》中,从结构-行为选择的行动主义出发,将传统农村分为“地主控制的农村”和“控制松散的农村”两种类型,并且着眼于各自类型中“内向型力量（传统保守）”和“外向型力量（现代化）”冲突框架的分析.在米格代尔看来,这些力量作为社会结构性的模式有内在结构性的利益背景,因而具有内在结构性的行为逻辑（J.米格代尔,1996：1-23） .
理性选择理论,亦是反对依靠个人性情上的差异来解释集体行动的参与,认为只有在个体层次的动力机制基础之上,才能理解集体行动.理性选择理论推崇这样一个一般假设,就是个体具有既定的目标和需要,是一个理性的在成本和收益之间博弈的行动者,以便使他们的需求和效用达到最大化.也就是说,个体行动者在可以获得最大利益的时候才会参加集体行动.正如曼瑟尔•奥尔森所说的一般性常识一样,集体行动通过公共物品的提供,来增进由个人组成的集团共同利益.不过,他在提出“搭便车”问题时,显然批判了这一点,并在小集团之规模控制和选择性激励中达成个体之于集体行动的参加.（曼瑟尔•奥尔森,1995:5-63） .

The traditional action model, emphasizing emotional or attitude discontent in collective action, this kind of domination in complex social structure explained and rational actors front seems to have no longer so individual was persuaded. In the current direct deals with indirectly related to social collective action when the discussion, everyone seems to have a tendency to the following two explanations: one is the structural choice, 2 it is the rational choice.
Structure - behavior choice theory, the breakthrough of the individual likes and dislikes temperament attitude and the traditional activism, emphasize the collective action of the structural position, and sexual or consistency similar prompted the collective action. Among them, the famous American scholars with Mr. J. mege represented kieron, he in his book "the farmer, politics and revolution - the third world political and social change, the pressure from the structure of the activism - behavior choice, based on traditional countryside into" the landlord will control rural "and" control loose countryside "two types, but also focus on their respective type" introverted power (conservative) "and" export-oriented power (modern) "conflict framework analysis. Kieron mege view, these in power as social structural pattern has inner structural interests background, thus has the inherent structural behavior logic (j. mege dyer, 1996:1-23).
Rational choice theory, also is opposed to rely on individual temperament differences to explain the participation of collective action, think only in individual levels based on the dynamic mechanism, to understand the collective action. Rational choice theory advocates such a general hypothesis, is the individual has established goals and needs, is a rational in game between the costs and benefits of actors, to enable them to maximize the demand and utility. That is to say, we can achieve the largest individual actors at will attend the interests of the collective action. As mann searle • olson said, as the general sense of collective action through providing public goods, to enhance the group composed by the individual common interests. However, in his proposed "free-rider" problem, obviously critical this, and in the scale control and selective group to reach an individual incentive to collective action. (mann searle • olson, 1995:5-63).
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