英语翻译Types of graphsBar graphs are easy to red and can be use

英语翻译
Types of graphs
Bar graphs are easy to red and can be used with elementary age students.The height of the bar is the measure of the quantity being represented.The width of all bars should be the same to avoid confusion.A single bar can be divided to show parts of a whole.It is best to limit the quantities being compared to eight or less; otherwise the graph becomes cluttered and confusing.The bar graph,a one-scale graph,is particularly appropriate for comparing similar items at different items at the same time; for example,the height of one plant over time or the heights of several students at any given time.The bar graph shows variation in only one dimension.
Pictorial graphs are an alternate form of the bar graph in which numerical units are represented by a simple drawing.Pictorial graphs are visually interesting and appeal to a wide audience,especially young students.However,they are slightly more difficult to read than bar graphs.Since pictorial symbols are used to represent a specific quantity,partial symbols are used to depict fractional quantity .To help avoid confusion in such cases,print values below or to the right of each line of figures.
Circle (or pie) graphs are relatively easy to interpret.In this type of graph,a circle or “pie” is divided into segments,each representing a part or percentage of the whole.One typical use of the circle graph is to depict tax-dollar allocations.The combined segments of a circle graph should,of course,equal 100 percent.Areas of special interest can be highlighted by illustrating a piece of pie separately form the whole.
Line graphs are the most precise and complex of all graphs.Line graphs are based on two scales at right angles.Each point has a value on the vertical scale and a value on the horizontal scale.Lines (or curves) are draw to connect the points.Line graphs show variations in two dimensions,or how two or more factors change over time.For example,a graph can show the relation between pressure and temperature when the volume of a gas is held constant.Because line graphs are precise,they are very useful in plotting trends.They can also help simplify a mass of complex information.

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条形图简单易懂,适用于初级学者.条形的高度可用于表达所呈现的数量.条形的宽度也必须和所表达的量成正比,以免引起误解.单个的柱形可以被分割,表达整体的各部分.条形图最好用来比较8个或以下的量.否则图形就会变得混乱,令人费解.针对单一指标的柱形图,尤其适用于同时比较相似的量在不同前提下.例如,一株植物在不同时期的高度,或者同一时期不同学生的身高.柱状图表达了一维层次上的变化.
图形图是除柱状图的之外的另一选择.在图形图中,数值单位通过简单的图画表达出来.图形图看上去有趣好玩,可以吸引广大的观众,尤其是年轻的学生.然而,它们比条形图稍微复杂一些.因为图形图用来表示一个特定的值,一些符号被用来描绘小数值.在这种情况下,为了避免歧义,图形的下方或右边通常有显示数值所代表的价值量.
饼状图较易于理解.在这种图形中,一个圆或者一个“饼”被分成不同部分.每个都代表在整体中所占的比例,饼状图的一个典型用法是描绘税务分配问题.各个部分要组合成一个饼状图,各个量相加必然是100%.表达特殊利益的份额可以通过把那部分从整体中分割,来达到强调的作用.
线形图在所有图表中,是最精确也是最复杂的.线性图立足于呈直角的两条线.每个点都代表纵向和横向上特定的值.线（曲线）把所有的点连接起来.线性图可以表达二维层次上的变化,或者表达两个及两个以上的量在不同时期的变化.比如,线性图可以表示,当气体体积恒定时,压力和温度的关系.因为线性图很精确,所以它们在表达趋势时非常有用.它们同时还可以简化许多复杂信息.
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