英语翻译1 .Background and ContextThe die-casting process is wide

英语翻译
1 .Background and Context
The die-casting process is widely used in the automotive industry,which is under significant pressure to reduce cost and time to develop and introduce new products.The manufacture of tooling,for both prototype and production,is a major burden to the automotive industry in terms of cost and lead times.Much research has been conducted on rapid tooling centred on manufacturing plastic forming and sheet metal pressing tooling.Die-casting has been neglected,mainly due to the extreme technical challenges of finding suitable tooling methods to withstand the harsh environment including elevated temperatures and thermal shock.
There have been some interesting developments in producing prototype tooling for die-casting.Some tools have been manufactured in metal by selective laser sintering and these have produced die-castings in Zinc,Magnesium and aluminium.However,they are limited to the size of the inserts,but more importantly they suffer from severe heat cracking after a few parts (Jantti 1998).Laminate tooling for the manufacture of high-pressure die-casting dies has several advantages.It is feasible to produce tools in a time and cost effective manner; deep narrow geometries could be produced; die geometry could be altered quickly and cost effectively; It is likely that tool repair would be rapid and cost effective; production of laminate tools may be faster and cheaper than billet tools; for volumes over 500mm3,sheet steel is cheaper than billet (Soar 2000); there is usually a shorter lead time on sheet as it’s an off-the-shelf item; early evaluation of a component that has been produced using the desired production route and material; scale is not limited (Soar 1998b) as tool size is determined by the bed size of the laminate cutting and finishing processes; both male and female halves can be manufactured simultaneously; inclusion of conformal cooling channels increases production and running speeds (Himmer 1999),may be advantageous to produce hollow tools,to increase cooling/heating efficiency and reduce the die weight; harder die materials could be employed (Walczyk 1998) as different manufacturing processes are employed to manufacture a laminate tool.This would extend die life and reduce component cost since a greater number of components could be produced without the need for tool repairs or even a tool change; cost effective short run tooling is achievable.

1.背景和上下文
投掷一钢模的程序广泛地二手的在汽车的工业,在重要的压力之下减少中费用和时间发展并且介绍新的产品.那产品用工具工作,为两者的原型和生产,是主要的负担至汽车的工业在期限费用和领引时代.很多研究有是引导在迅速的用工具工作上集中在制造业之上塑料形成和张金属压迫用工具工作.一钢模-投掷有是疏忽,主要地适当的到那极端技术上的挑战发现适当的用工具工作的方法抵抗包括提高的温度的粗糙的环境和热的震惊.
已经有一些在生产中的有趣发展原型用工具工作为一钢模-投掷.一些工具有是制造在金属被选择的激光泉华和这些有生产一钢模-在锌、镁和铝的铸件.然而,他们是有限到那大小那插入物,但是更重要他们受苦于严格的加热裂痕在一些之后部份 (Jantti 1998).制成薄板用工具工作为那产品高压的投掷一钢模的一钢模有一些利益.它对农产品工具是能实行的在一次而且花费有效的样子; 深处狭窄部份几何学可能是生产; 一钢模几何学可能是改变得很快和费用有效地; 它是有可能的工具修理会是迅速的而且花费有效的; 生产制成薄板工具可能是快速的和比兵舍廉宜工具; 因为体积超过 500 毫米 3,张钢比兵舍廉宜;(高飞范围 2000) 通常有短领引时间在张上当做它是现货产品项目; 有的成份的早评估是生产使用那需要生产路径和材料; 刻度是不有限 (高飞范围 1998 b) 当做工具大小是坚决的被床大小那制成薄板切断和终结程序; 两者的男性和女性二等份能是制造同时地; 包含共形的冷却通道增加生产和赛跑速度 (Himmer 1999),可能是有利的到农产品洞工具,到增加冷却/暖气效率而且减少那一钢模重量; 难的一钢模材料可能是雇用 (Walczyk 1998) 当做不同的制造业程序是雇用到产品一制成薄板工具.这会扩充一钢模生活而且减少成份费用自从一更棒的数字成份可能是生产没有对工具的需要修理或平坦的工具变化; 花费有效的短奔跑用工具工作是做得成的