英语翻译商务合同英语属庄重文体,即各种英语中正式程度最高的一种.下面从词法、句法、语用等几方面探析商务合同英语的语言特征

英语翻译
商务合同英语属庄重文体,即各种英语中正式程度最高的一
种.下面从词法、句法、语用等几方面探析商务合同英语的语言
特征.
一、词汇特征
1.正式词语的使用.商务合同英语要对交易各方的权利、义
务、行为准则的准确涵义和范围进行直接而明确的规定,其措词
必须严谨、精确、正式,并不带个人感情色彩.因此正式词语在
商务合同中使用频率非常高,俚语、俗语、方言、戏谑语不能出
现在商务合同中.为体现其正式与严谨的文体特征,商务合同英
语多倾向于用较复杂的介词短语来代替非正式语体中常见的简单
介词与连词.
2.古体词的使用.古体词在现代英语口语和一般书面语中极
少使用,但在商务合同等法律文体中,古体词却大量出现,充分体
现出其庄重严肃的文体风格.商务合同英语中最常使用的古体词
多为一些复合副词,即由here,there 和where 分别加上after ,
at ,by ,from ,in ,of,to ,under ,upon ,with 等一个或几
个介词共同构成的复合副词.这些复合词中的“here”指的是
“this”,即“本文件(合同,协定等) ”,“there”指的是“that”,即
“另外的文件(合同,协定等) ”,“where”指的是“what”或“which”
之意.
3.法律用语和专业词汇的使用.合同是具有法律效力的经济
文书,其语言属于法律范畴.合同中大量使用的是正式的法律用
语及国际商务方面的专业词汇.这些词汇突出法律文本的威严.
4.外来词的使用.商务合同英语中使用的商务类专业术语有
不少源于拉丁语或法语,有些则是由其词根派生或合成,许多术
语都有相同的前缀或后缀.它们的意义比较稳定,利于精确地表
达概念,例如：ad valorem duty (拉丁语) 从价(关) 税,bona
fide holder (拉丁语) 汇票的善意持票人,pro rata tax rate 比例
税率(拉丁语,即proportional tax rate) ,force majeure (法语) 不
可抗力,pro forma (拉丁语) 估算表.
二、句法特征
1.长句的使用.商务合同中的句子与普通英语相比而言,句
子结构、长度和使用从句的连贯性要复杂的多.商务合同文体中
的完整长句的使用可以准确界定合同当事人的有关权利和义务,
排除被曲解、误解、产生歧义的可能性.句子的状语和定语从句
等附加成分非常多,而且常常位于明显的位置,对主句意义进行
解释、限定或修饰.
2.条件句的使用.合同要求准确严密的规约当事人的权利、
义务和责任,因而合同英语思维缜密,逻辑性强,既要考虑到各
种不同情况,又要排除各种例外情形.合同条文在规定双方应该
履行的义务之外,还考虑到各种可能发生的情况和处理办法.所
以合同条款中有较多的条件句,尤其是在有关付款、违约责任、
不可抗力、财产处理和仲裁等中更是屡见不鲜.英文中最常见的
是用in case (of)或词组in the event of or in the event that等几
种表达方式.
3.名词化结构的使用.商务合同英语中常常使用名词来代替
动词、形容词和长句,这就是名词化结构.名词化结构主要是指
表示动作或状态的抽象名词或是起名词作用的非谓语动词,在合
同英语中随处可见.

Business Contract English frozen style, namely in the highest degree of a formal English
Kind of. The following from the lexical, syntactic, pragmatic aspects of business contract English language
Features.
First, lexical features
1 formal use of the term. English for business contracts to the parties to the transaction, the rights of Justice
Wu, guidelines for the conduct of accurate meaning and scope are direct and clear, its wording
Must be careful, precise, formal, not with the individual emotional. Formal words in
Business contract is used in very high frequency, slang, slang, dialects, a language can not
Now in business contract. As the embodiment of its formal and rigorous style, business contract English
Languages tend to use more complex prepositional phrase to replace the informal style common simple
Prepositions and conjunctions.
2the use of archaic words. Archaic words in modern English oral and written in a very general
Use less, but in business contracts and other legal writing, archaic words have appeared in large numbers, full body
Now the solemn style. Business Contract English most often uses the archaic words
Many compound adverbs, namely here, there and where respectively with after,
At, by, from, in, of, to, under, upon, with etc. one or a few
A preposition together form a compound adverb. These compound words " here" refers to
" This", namely" the documents ( contracts, agreement etc. )"," there" means" that", i.e.
" Another file ( contract, agreement etc. )"," where" means" what" or" which"
The meaning of.
3legal terms and vocabulary use. The contract is legal economy
Instruments, their language belongs to the category of law. The contract is frequently applied in the formal legal use
Language and international business professional vocabulary. The glossary highlighting the legal text majesty.
4the use of foreign words. Business Contract English used in business class special terminology
Many are derived from Latin or French, some is its root derived or synthetic, many operation
Language has the same prefix or suffix. Their meaning is relatively stable, conducive to accurate surface
As concepts, such as: ad valorem duty ( Latin) ad valorem tax ( off), bona
Fide holder ( Latin) Bill bona fide holder, pro rata tax rate proportion
Tax rate (in Latin, proportional tax rate ), force majeure ( French ) not
Force majeure, pro forma ( Latin) estimation table.
Two, syntactic features
1sentences using the. In business contract sentence compared with common English, sentence
Sub structure, length and use clauses coherence to the more complex. The style of business contract
Complete the sentences using the can accurately define the rights and obligations of parties concerned,
Preclude misunderstanding, misinterpretation, ambiguity of the possibility. Sentence adverbial and attributive clause
Additional components is very much, and is often located in the apparent position of the main clause, meaning
Explain, limit or modified.
Using the 2 conditional. Contract requires the accurate specification of the rights of the parties,
Obligations and responsibilities, so the contract English careful thinking, logic is strong, it is necessary to take into account the
Different situations, and to eliminate all kinds of exceptions. The terms of the contract in terms of both sides should
Fulfill the obligation, also taking into account of all the possibilities and approaches. The
In the terms of the contract have more conditional sentences, especially in relation to the payment, the liability for breach of contract,
Force majeure, property management and arbitration is more it is often seen. The most common English
Is the in case ( of ) or the event of or in "in the event that etc.
Mode of expression.
3nominalization use. Business Contract English often use the term to replace
Verbs, adjectives and long sentences, this is nominalization. Nominalization is the main means
Expressing an action or state of the abstract noun or noun function non predicate verbs, in
With English everywhere