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英语翻译confirmed by R v Attorney -General ex parte Rockall 1999

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英语翻译
confirmed by R v Attorney -General ex parte Rockall 1999
上下文是:
The presumption does not apply to statutory conspiracy charges which are brought under section 1(1) of the Criminal Law Act 1977 and not under the Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889 or the Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 (confirmed by R v Attorney -General ex parte Rockall 1999).
挺专业:)那就给你专业的回答吧:
这里面有两个地方你会不懂R v 和 ex parte
那你就自己看吧.
ex parte 好理解了:
Ex parte is a Latin legal term meaning "from (by or for) one party" (IPA pronunciation:[ɛks 'pɑ(r)teɪ] or [ɛks 'pɑ(r)ti],although the proper Latin pronunciation is [ɛks 'pɑ(r)tɛ]).An ex parte decision is one decided by a judge without requiring all of the parties to the controversy to be present.In Australian,Canadian,U.K.,and U.S.legal doctrines,ex parte means a legal proceeding brought by one person in the absence of and without representation or notification of other parties.It is also used more loosely to refer to improper unilateral contacts with a court,arbitrator or represented party without notice to the other party or counsel for that party.