作业帮非谓语(非谓语)
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/15 09:49:20
老师，我总是把非谓语做宾补和做定语混在一起，能告诉我如何明确的区分它们吗？还有判断非谓语是否做状语的关键是看它有没被逗号隔开吗？
解题思路： 非谓语
解题过程：
非谓语做宾补和做定语
非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
一、 动词不定式
1） 宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
I didnt notice them come in.
注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.
help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.
2） 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set
to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
二、 分词
1．分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：
一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done,完成被动式having been done
2．语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。
3．现在分词和过去分词的区别：
1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台转动的机器， a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车
注：关于心理状态动词的－ing形式表主动意，－ed形式表被动意，详见该讲后的专题。
2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。
例如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed country发达的国家
4．现在分词的基本用法：
1） 一般主动式用法：
A．作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)
The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)
C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
例如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Dont keep the students doing homework all day.
注：上述动词后跟不定式作宾补表示动作的过程，而不是正在进行中的动作，而现在分词作宾补则表示正在进行中的动作。例如：I heard them singing in the room
when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing)
have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：
Ill have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。
Ill have him working in my compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Dont have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。
5．过去分词的基本用法：
1）过去分词作定语时的几种情况：
1. 前位修饰：单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
We need more qualified teacher.我们需要更多合格的教师。
The wounded soldier lay on the ground, unable to move.那个伤员躺在地上，不能动弹。
2. 后位修饰：分词短语要置于被修饰的名词之后。
The girl dressed in red is my daughter. 穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。
We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting.
我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
This is a letter written in blue ink.这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
3. 后位修饰：如果被修饰的词是由some/ any/ no+ thing/ body/
one所成形的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然一个单一的分词作形容词时，也要放在被修饰词之后。
Is there anything unsolved?还有什么问题没有解决吗？
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
4. 有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。
They decided to change the material used.他们决定改变所用的原材料。
The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的经验将对我们很有价值。
2）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice,
think等。
1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
3) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
4) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
5) Don’t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish, expect等后用 “vt + ( to be )+pp”。
6) I would like this matter (to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。
7) I wish my homework (to be)finished before five o’clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。
不定式to do 做状语
A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
B．原因状语： Im glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。
另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，
如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .
现在分词作状语的用法
①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life.
②原因状语：Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
2）完成主动式用法：
这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能作定语用。例如：
Having finished her homework,she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.
过去分词作状语的用法
过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。例如：
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
析： written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。
值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。例如：
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。
析： given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。
最终答案：略
解题过程：
非谓语做宾补和做定语
非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
一、 动词不定式
1） 宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
I didnt notice them come in.
注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.
help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.
2） 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set
to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
二、 分词
1．分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：
一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done,完成被动式having been done
2．语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。
3．现在分词和过去分词的区别：
1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台转动的机器， a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车
注：关于心理状态动词的－ing形式表主动意，－ed形式表被动意，详见该讲后的专题。
2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。
例如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed country发达的国家
4．现在分词的基本用法：
1） 一般主动式用法：
A．作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)
The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)
C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
例如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Dont keep the students doing homework all day.
注：上述动词后跟不定式作宾补表示动作的过程，而不是正在进行中的动作，而现在分词作宾补则表示正在进行中的动作。例如：I heard them singing in the room
when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing)
have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：
Ill have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。
Ill have him working in my compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Dont have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。
5．过去分词的基本用法：
1）过去分词作定语时的几种情况：
1. 前位修饰：单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
We need more qualified teacher.我们需要更多合格的教师。
The wounded soldier lay on the ground, unable to move.那个伤员躺在地上，不能动弹。
2. 后位修饰：分词短语要置于被修饰的名词之后。
The girl dressed in red is my daughter. 穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。
We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting.
我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
This is a letter written in blue ink.这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
3. 后位修饰：如果被修饰的词是由some/ any/ no+ thing/ body/
one所成形的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然一个单一的分词作形容词时，也要放在被修饰词之后。
Is there anything unsolved?还有什么问题没有解决吗？
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
4. 有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。
They decided to change the material used.他们决定改变所用的原材料。
The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的经验将对我们很有价值。
2）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice,
think等。
1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
3) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
4) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
5) Don’t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish, expect等后用 “vt + ( to be )+pp”。
6) I would like this matter (to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。
7) I wish my homework (to be)finished before five o’clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。
不定式to do 做状语
A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
B．原因状语： Im glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。
另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，
如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .
现在分词作状语的用法
①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life.
②原因状语：Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
2）完成主动式用法：
这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能作定语用。例如：
Having finished her homework,she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.
过去分词作状语的用法
过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。例如：
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
析： written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。
值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。例如：
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。
析： given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。
最终答案：略