作业帮 > 英语 > 作业

英语单数变复数的特例?

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/07 17:22:54
英语单数变复数的特例?
一、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,其复数形式应是先把y变为i,再加es.但下面两个专有名词恰恰是例外: 它们的复数形式是直接加-s.例如:Mary-Marys:
I Know two Marys,one is called Mary Smith ,the other is called MaryWhite
Germany-Germanys:
The two Germanys,that is to say ,East Germany and West Germany aregoing to merge.
二、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,其复数形式应是把-f,或-fe变为-ves.
如: wife -wives,life -lives
thief-thieves,leaf-leaves
half-halves,etc.
有些则是直接加-S.例如:
grief-griefs,proof-proofs
chief-chiefs,belief-beliefs,etc.
而象 handkerchief 那样,既可变为:handkerchiefs ,也可变为handkerchieves,这应当看作是一种例 外.
三、以-man 结尾的名词,其复数形式应是将-man变为 -men.但有几个名词的复数形式则是直接加 -s.这 也可以看作是一种例外.
如: German-Germans,human-humans,etc.
四,以-ch 结尾的名词,当-ch发 [t∫]音的时候,其复数形式则加-es.
如: match-matches watch-watches,etc.
但是,当-ch 发[k]音的时候,则只需直接加-s.
如: stomach-stomachs,epoch-epochs,etc.
五、以-o结尾的名词,其复数形式应是加上 -es.如:tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes但有几种情况是例外 .例如:
(1)以双元音结尾的: radio-radios,zoo-zoos,etc.
(2)某些外来词: photo-photos
piano-pianos,kilo-kilos,etc.
六,以-is 结尾的外来词,其复数形式一般是变-is 为-es .
例如: oasis -oases,analysis-analyses,etc.
七、另外,还有一些特殊的变化方式.
例如: mouse -mice,abacus-abaci(或abacuses)
cow-cattle,tooth-teeth etc.
但是有些单数与复数的形式是一样的.
例如: sheep,Chinese,deer,Japanese,etc.
八、表示“某国人”的名词复数形式有如下三种情形:
(1)单、复数词形相同.
a Chinese-two Chinese,a Japanese -two Japanese
(2)名词后面直接加-s.
an American-two Americans,an Austrian-two Austrians
an Australian-two Australians,a Russian-two Russians
a German-two Germans,a Swede-two Swedes
(3)以-man结尾的,则变为 -men.
an Englishman -two Englishmen
a Frenchman -two Frenchmen,etc.
九、缩写词的复数形式其构成方法有三种:
(1)一般是直接加-s.
例如: Dr.(Doctor)→Drs.hr(hour)→hrs.
yr.(year)→yrs.No.(Number)→Nos.
Mt.(Mount)→Mts.etc.
(2)有时用重复字母来表达.缩写时则将最后那个辅音字母重复一次.
例如:
P.(Page)→pp.(第5页至第7页pp5-7)
l.(line)→ll.c.(copy)→cc.
f.(and following page)→ff.
ex.(example)→exx.
(3)度量衡的缩写词,其复数形式往往不变.
例如:ft.(foot)→ft .km.(kilometre)→km.kg.(kilogramme)→kg.m.(metre)→m.
[说明部分]
一、一般而言,英语中表示度、量、衡及物价等的单位名词为可数名词,有单数与复数的词形变化.如:
one penny→six pennies
one dollar→two dollars
Thirty pounds?That’s too expensive
Some weigh as much as fifteen tons each
There’s danger about thirty metres ahead.
但是其谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.例如:
Where is that five pounds?
Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
值得注意的是音译的汉语量词,一般不用复数形式.例如:里(li),斤(jin),亩(mu),元(yuan) ,角(jiao),分(fen)etc.
It is about 5li from here.
The book cost me two yuan and five jiao.
The pig weighs over one hundred jin.
二、某些名词的复数形式,有时具有特别的意思.例如:papers(文件,证件)goods(货物),clothes (衣服),arms (武器)minutes(记录),times(时代),greens(青菜)looks(外貌),manners(礼貌 )peoples(民族,种族),words(言语),grounds(场地,庭园),works(工厂、工事、著作)etc.
三、有些名词经常带着-s词尾的.例如:
news,politics,physics,
the United States,the United Nations,ect.
但通常把它们当作单数看待,只有在个别的句子里才作复数处理.例如:
Politics is an important thing.(政治是一件重要的事情)
What are your politics?(你的政见如何?)
四、某些表示由两个部分构成的物体的名词.trousers,glasses,shoes,chopsticks,etc.还包括goods,ar ms,clothes,minutes,contents,wages,ect.都可作复数.例如:
Joe’s new trousers are black.
His clothes are quite old.
High wages make Jim very happy.
五、一般地说物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词,因此没有复数形式.例如:
information,knowledge,advice,milk,water,ice,bread,etc.但是某些名词以复数形式出现时,其含义或 可表示若干种类(a),或可表示数量之多(b).例如:
a.There are many fishes in the river.
(河里有许多种鱼.)
This animal can eat one sheep and some other foods a day
(这种动物一天能吃掉一只羊及其他的食物.)
b.She told him of all her hopes and fears.
(她把她所有的希望及担忧之事告诉了他.)
This brought to mind her sufferings in those days.
(这使她回想起在那些日子中所受的苦)
六、有些集体名词,通常用作复数.例如:Police,people,youth ,cattle,etc.其单数形式分别为:a po liceman,a person,a young person,a cow ,etc.
七、有些集体名词,例如:family,class,team,school,party,government,public,union,company,etc.既 可作单数,也可作复数.作单数时,把集体名词看作一个整体,作复数时,指该集体中的每个人.例如:The football team is being organized.(足球队正在组建立中.)The football team are having a rest.(足 球队们员正在休息.)