英语翻译Electronic commerce is burgeoning as a means of doing bu

英语翻译
Electronic commerce is burgeoning as a means of doing business and shows every sign of continuing to expand at a rapid rate.The rise of this new medium is attracting increasing attention in policy circles.This paper seeks to clarify a narrow set of policy issues relating to the international trade aspects of the medium.It focuses,in particular,on the WTO Members’ decision not to impose customs duties on electronically delivered products.For the moment this commitment is temporary and political,but there are proposals to make it durable and legally binding.1 Since most electronic commerce is already free of barriers (except of course those created by differences in standards),the objective must be to preclude the introduction of new barriers.Such barriers may never be technically feasible,in which case any policy initiative - including the WTO decision - is unnecessary.But if technological developments made it possible to impose restrictions,what would be the value of the decision on duty-free electronic commerce?
Two aspects of the WTO decision are notable.First,only electronic transmissions are covered; goods
ordered through electronic means but imported through normal channels are explicitly excluded.2 While
all types of products can be advertised and purchased over electronic networks,the potential for electronic
delivery is more limited.It requires that a final product be presented as digitalized information that can
be transmitted electronically,typically over the Internet.Many services can be supplied in this form.
Some information and entertainment products,such as books,software,music and videos,embody
digitalized information that can also be supplied electronically over the Internet.
The exemption of one mode of delivery from customs duties while others continue to be taxed is
analogous to a preferential trading arrangement.And,as in the case of such arrangements,there is a
positive trade-creating aspect and a negative trade-diverting aspect.The latter arises when the tax-exempt
mode is less efficient than the taxed alternative but is chosen simply to avoid the tax.While electronic
delivery is frequently the most efficient means of delivery,it is conceivable that in some cases it is not.
For instance,given the current state of technology,it may be more costly (in terms of time and money) to
download films and music from the internet than to acquire them in physical form.The welfare cost of
trade diversion for the importing country could at most be equal to the foregone tariff revenue – whichhas in fact been the main concern of developing countries.But while it is difficult to predict the revenue
which could be raised through duties on products that are not today subject to such duties,our estimates
suggest that the revenue consequences of diversion of physical trade into electronic channels are likely to
be small.

电子的商业正在萌芽如做生意和表演继续以迅速的比率扩张的每个告示的方法. 这种新的媒体上升正在吸引政策圆周的逐渐增加的注意. 这张纸寻求澄清一狭窄组的政策争议与媒体的国际贸易方面有关.它集中,特别地,在世界贸易组织成员的决定之上不要 加上电子地递送的产品上的关税. 对於片刻这个承诺是暂时的和政治上的, 但是有提议可以使它持久而且法律上 binding.1 自最电子的商业以后已经没有 障碍 ( 除当然那些按照标准的不同产生),客观的必须要预先排除新的障碍介绍. 如此的障碍可能无法技术上能实行, 在哪一情况任何的政策率先 - 包括世界贸易组织决定 - 是不必要的. 但是如果科技的发展使它可能加上限制, 什么会是免税的电子商业上的决定价值?
世界贸易组织决定的二个方面是值得注意的. 首先,不过电子的传输是隐蔽着的; 货物
命令过电子的意谓但是输入过常态频道明确地是 excluded.2 当
所有的类型产品能被结束广告而且购买电子的网络, 潜在性为电子的
递送更有限制. 它需要一种最后的产品被呈现如 digitalized 数据能
被电子地传输,典型地在英特网之上. 许多服务能被以这形式供应.
一些数据和娱乐产品,例如 书,软件,音乐和录像带,具体表达
也能被电子地供应过英特网的 digitalized 数据.
来自关税的递送一个模态的解除而其他人继续被课以税是
类似的对一个先取的贸易安排. 并且, 如同在如此的安排情况,那里是一样一
实在贸易-创造方面和一个否定的贸易- 有趣的方面. 愈比较后者发生何时那免税的
模态不比被课以税的替代方案有效率的除了被只是选择避免税之外. 当电子的时候
递送时常是递送的最有效率的方法,在某些情况它不是想得到的.
举例来说,被给的技术现在的状态,它可能更昂贵的 ( 以时间和钱) 到
下载来自英特网的电影和音乐比较以实际的形式获得他们. 福利费用
交易转移为那输入国家最多 可以事实上和～相等先前的关税收入– whichhas 是发展中国家的主要关心. 但是而它是困难预知收入的
哪一经过不是对如此的责任今天主题的产品上的责任可以被升起, 我们的估计
提议进入电子的频道之内的实际贸易的转移收入结果是有可能的到
要小.