英语翻译A major turning point in the history of early philosophi

英语翻译
A major turning point in the history of early philosophical science was the controversial but successful attempt by Socrates to apply philosophy to the study of human things,including human nature,the nature of political communities,and human knowledge itself.He criticized the older type of study of physics as too purely speculative,and lacking in self-criticism.He was particularly concerned that some of the early physicists treated nature as if it could be assumed that it had no intelligent order,explaining things merely in terms of motion and matter.
The study of human things had been the realm of mythology and tradition,and Socrates was executed.Aristotle later created a less controversial systematic programme of Socratic philosophy,which was teleological,and human-centered.He rejected many of the conclusions of earlier scientists.For example in his physics the sun goes around the earth,and many things have it as part of their nature that they are for humans.Each thing has a formal cause and final cause and a role in the rational cosmic order.Motion and change is described as the actualization of potentials already in things,according to what types of things they are.While the Socratics insisted that philosophy should be used to consider the practical question of the best way to live for a human being (a study Aristotle divided into ethics and political philosophy),they did not argue for any other types of applied science.
Aristotle maintained the sharp distinction between science and the practical knowledge of artisans,treating theoretical speculation as the highest type of human activity,practical thinking about good living as something less lofty,and the knowledge of artisans as something only suitable for the lower classes.In contrast to modern science,Aristotle's influential emphasis was upon the "theoretical" steps of deducing universal rules from raw data,and did not treat the gathering of experience and raw data as part of science itself.

你这个好长啊 我一段一段的发吧 翻译的可能不是很好...
在哲学科学的历史上有一个备受争议但是被苏格拉底成功尝试的转折点,使用哲学去研究人类.包括了人性,政治群体的本质,和人类知识的本质.他批评了物理学研究的范围太过于投机,同时也缺乏了自我批评.他十分的担心,因为一些早起的物理学家只是从物质和动力的角度解释了自然,并且他们认为自然是没有智能的秩序的（intelligent order这个不知道要怎么解释）
对于人类有关的研究一直以来都是属于神话和传说领域的,苏格拉底也被处死了（这里应该是指因为他对于神的疑问而被处死吧）.之后,亚里士多德创立了一个争议较少的苏格拉底式的哲学系统,目的论和以人为本.他否认了很多早前科学家们提出来的结论.举个例子,在他的哲学思想中他认为太阳是围绕地球转动的,还有很多其他的东西也是这样的,就好像是为人类而准备的.所有的东西都有一个formal cause 和 final cause（这个我真心不知道中文的术语是什么,就是亚里士多德的four causes里的第二个和第四个）,并且在宇宙中都有一定的位置.
动力和改变被形容成是已经存在在物体中的一个潜在的事实,或者现实形式,并且根据现实中的不同物质来决定.不过苏格拉底认为哲学应该被运用在一些实际问题上－对于一个人来说怎么样才是活的最好的,而不是用来支持任何一种应用科学的.（亚里士多德的学说是被分为了道德哲学和政治哲学）亚里士多德维持或者保持了科学与工匠们的实用知识之间的明显区别,他认为理论推测是人类行为中的最高类型或者是最高级的,实践思维则是比较前者来说较低等一点,而工匠们的知识则是只适用于下层阶级的或者说是比较低等的.与现代科学相比较,亚里士多德的影响重点只是在于“理论上的”,他收集原始数据并进行推倒而得出通用的原则或理论,但他并没有把收集数据时得到的经验和数据本身当作科学的一部分.
大致就是这个意思,T^T有些词看着知道意思但是实在不会翻译... 不好意思哦...