英语翻译2.BackgroundBeing an element in the national economy and

来源：学生作业帮编辑：作业帮分类：英语作业时间：2024/05/22 06:51:51

英语翻译
2.Background
Being an element in the national economy and political system,telecommunications reform
cannot be carried out independently of a macro reform program.For a long period China strictly adhered to a socialist regime that excluded competition.With limited public-owned economic elements as a supplement,the national economy was controlled by state-owned enterprises.Private and foreign capital was restricted.The socialist regime did not admit the role of economic law.Instead,resources were allocated and the market was regulated with administrative measures,which were formed through coordination using a centralized,fragmented administrative system.This system had the following characteristics:different state-owned industries were under the central control of and belonged to specific governmental institutions.Such an institution had usually a title of a ministry or a national company.These institutions had two functions:taking charge of specific industries as governmental branches and carrying out the headquarters of their affiliated companies.In addition to these institutions some comprehensive administrations were also established.

2.背景
作为国家政治经济组成部分的电信改革不能在宏大的改革计划中独立开展.在很长时间里中国严重依附于拒绝竞争的社会主义政体.国家的经济受国有企业的控制.仅有少量公众所有的经济成份作为补充.私营和外资企业受到限制.社会主义政体不承认经济法所扮演的角色.相反地,采用行政手段分配资源和管理市场.这些行政手段由高度集中的零碎的管理系统经过协调而形成.具有如下特征:不同行业的国有经济由具体的政府机构控制并从属于这些政府机构.这些政府机构通常有一某某部或某某国有公司的头衔.这些政府机构有两个职能:一是作为政府的分支对具体的行业进行管理,二是行使所辖下属企业的公司总部的权力.除了这些机构以外,还建立了其它一些复杂的政府行政管理部门.
(以上是我逐字打上去翻译的,并非工具翻译).

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