英语翻译Cracking occurring in flexible pavements can be classifi

英语翻译
Cracking occurring in flexible pavements can be classified in one of three types,i.e.surfacing,fatigue and others.
Surfacing cracks are associated with the aging and deterioration of the surface bituminous layer due to shrinking and hardening of the bituminous binder with a loss of volatiles.These cracks are in general not load-related.One type of surfacing cracks is cracking in an irregular pattern.These cracks are also referred to as map cracks,star cracks and amorphous cracks.Another type is block cracking with cracks in well-defined rectangular blocks.Surfacing cracks occur across the full-width of the pavement.The surface cracks are more prominent on thin surfacings such as slurries,sand seals,and the block cracking more pronounced on asphalt concrete surfacings.In the latter the cracks start from the top and progress to the bottom asphalt layer.
Fatigue cracks (commonly called alligator or crocodile cracks) are a series of interconnected cracks in a chicken-wire pattern.The cracks are caused by traffic loading,occur only in wheel-paths and are often associated with deformation.Early signs of fatigue cracks are fine parallel longitudinal cracks in the wheel-path.
Other types of cracks in flexible pavements are longitudinal,edge,transverse,reflection and stabilization cracks.These are well-defined fairly continuous cracks.Longitudinal and edge cracks are normally associated with the differential movement of the subgrade due to moisture variations (i.e.at embankments or on clays),and discontinuities in the pavement.
Transverse cracks occurring in isolation are caused by movements under the surfacing such as at a culvert or bridge joint.

发生在非硬性路面上的开裂可分为三种类型,即表面裂缝,荷载裂缝以及其他.
表面裂纹与表面沥青层的老化变质有关,这是因为沥青在收缩和粘和剂硬化的过程中挥发物的丧失引起的.这些裂缝一般与荷载无关.表面裂纹的一种类型是不规则形状,这些被称为龟裂纹,星状裂纹和不规则裂纹.另一种裂缝类型是块状裂纹,裂纹是形状规则的矩形块.表面开裂可以横穿整个路面.在较薄的路面更为突出,比如泥浆路面,沙子路面,沥青路面.沥青路面的裂缝从顶层开始向下层沥青层逐渐开裂.
荷载裂缝（通常叫做鳄鱼纹）是一系列相互联结的六边形裂纹.这些裂纹由路面负载造成,因此主要出现在轮辙经过的路面并伴有路面受压变形现象.荷载裂纹早期的特征是在轮辙路面出现的一些纵向的平行细纹.
出现在柔性路面上的其他类型的裂纹如纵向裂缝,边缘裂缝,横向裂纹,反射裂缝和稳定型裂缝.这些都是一些边缘明显且连续的裂缝.纵向和边缘裂缝主要是由湿度变化引起的路基（即基面粘土和路堤）移动且不连续而造成的.横向裂纹是由于路面以下的部分移位造成的,比如涵洞或桥接等.
再问： When these cracks appear at regular intervals they are classified as reflection cracks where joints of an overlaid concrete pavement reflect through the asphaltic concrete surfacing.
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