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动词与祈使句

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动名词与祈使句的区别
解题思路: 见下
解题过程:
动名词定义   如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 作主语   Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。   Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。   Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。   动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。如:   It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收   It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。   动名词作主语的几种类型   动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。   动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:   1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:   Swimming is a good sport in summer.   2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。   动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:   It is no use telling him not to worry.   常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。   注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。   3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:   There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。   4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:   No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)   No parking. (禁止停车)   5. 动名词的复合结构作主语   当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:   Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 作宾语   1.作动词的宾语   某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep, understand, keep on, mind, risk, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about,set about,succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can't help, feel like, be used to, get used to, devote…to…,look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, escape 等。如:   They went on walking and never stopped talking.   他们继续走,说个不停。   I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.   在海滩上走真是乐事。   Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.   每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。   2.作介词的宾语   We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。   Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?   3.作形容词的宾语   The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。   We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 作表语   动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。   Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)   What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 作定语   动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:   a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking   a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing   a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading   a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring   sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 结构和形式
动名词的否定结构   动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如:   Trying without success is better than not trying at all.   实验没有成功也比不实验好。   He hated himself for not having work hard.   他悔恨自己没有用功。   I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.   很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。   He felt sorry for not having done the work well.   他为没有把工作做好感到难过。   I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.   我看不去对你倒好了。(not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式)   There is no denying the fact that he is diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定) 形式(一般式,完成式和被动式)   (1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如:   We are very interested in collecting stamps.   我们对集邮很感兴趣。   His coming will be of great help to us .   他来对我们大有帮助。   但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after,on,upon,或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如:   I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.   我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。   On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn’t help crying.   一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。   Excuse me for coming late.   我来晚了,请原谅。   Thank you for giving us so much help.   谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。   (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。   He regrets not having taken part in the work.   他后悔没有参加这项工作。   We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.   我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。   (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如:   I like being given harder work.   我喜欢接受难点的工作。   She is proud of being admitted into the university.   她为被大学录取而感到自豪。   The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.   会议延期并未和他商量。   He doesn’t mind having been criticized.   他不介意过去受到的批评。
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调。
1.肯定的祈使句
Stand up.起立。
Be quiet,please.请安静。
.有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do
Do sit down.
务必请坐。
Do study hard.
一定要努力学习。
比较
祈使句和陈述句
陈述句:
You sit down.
你坐下来。
祈使句:
Sit down.坐下 (省略主语you)
用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。
Go this way,please.
请这边走。
祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。
Li Ming,come here.
李明,过来。
Come here,Li Ming.
过来,李明。
2.否定的祈使句
句型:Don''t +动词原形~
Don''t swim in the river.
别在河里游泳。
Don''t be late.别迟到。
Please don''t be noisy.
请不要大声喧哗。
注意 表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。
No smoking.
禁止吸烟。
No parking.
禁止停车。
句型转换 祈使句有时相当一个if引导的条件状语从句。
祈使句:Use your head and you''ll find a way.
条件句:If you use your head,you''ll find a way.
如果你动动脑筋,你就会找到方法。
同学你好我是meg老师很高兴为你解答疑惑。不知上面的解答你是否满意?如有疑问请留言!祝学习进步,开心每一天!
最终答案:略