作业帮初中英语几大语法.组成部分、
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初中英语几大语法.组成部分、
语法项目涉及一下几点
1．名词
(1)可数名词及其单复数 (2)不可数名词 (3)专有名词 (4)名词所有格
2．代词
(1)人称代词 (2)物主代词 (3)反身代词 (4)指示代词 (5)不定代词 (6)疑问代词
3．数词
(1)基数词 (2)序数词
4．介词(词汇表中所列介词的基本用法)
5．连词(词汇表中所列连词的基本用法)
6．形容词
(1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
(2)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法
①构成 -er,-est；more,the most
②基本句型
as+原级形式+as．．．
not as(so)+ 原级形式十as...
比较级形式 + than ...
the+最高级形式+... in (of)...
7．副词
(1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
(2)疑问副词when,where,how
(3)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)
①构成 -er,-est；more,the most
②基本句型
as十原级形式+as．．．
not as (so)十原级形式+as．．．
比较级形式+than．．．
the十最高级形式+．．．in(of)．．．
8．冠词
(1)不定冠词的基本用法
I have a new bike．
There is an island over there．
(2)定冠词的基本用法
Beijing is the capital of China．
Turn down the radio,please．
I got a book as a present．The book was really nice．
The sun is bigger than the earth．
Who teaches the first class?
The United States is also called USA．
The Browns all get up early in the morning．
Those medicines are for the poor．
9．动词
(1)动词的基本形式
(2)系动词 be,look,turn,get,become,etc．
(3)及物动词和不及物动词
(4)助动词 be,do,have,shall,will,etc．
(5)情态动词can,may,must,need,etc．
10．时态
(1)现在进行时
We're reading the text now．
They're waiting for a bus．
(2)一般现在时
I get up at six O'clock every morning．
He doesn't speak Russian．
They are very busy．
The moon moves round the earth．
When you see him,tell him to come to my place．
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free．
(3)一般过去时
I Was in Grade One last year．
I got up at five yesterday．
(4)一般将来时
①shall(will)+动词原形
I shall(will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon．
She will be here tomorrow．
②be going to十动词原形
I'm going to help him．
(5)过去进行时
We were having a meeting this time yesterday．
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her．
(6)现在完成时
I have already posted the letter．
They have lived here for ten years．
*(7)过去完成时
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year．
The film had already begun when l got to the cinema．
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing．
*(8)过去将来时
He said he would go to the cinema that evening．
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday．
11．被动语态
(1)一般现在时的被动语态
English is taught in that school．
(2)一般过去时的被动语态
The song was written by that worker．
(3)一般将来时的被动语态
It will be finished in two hours．
(4)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
She must be sent to hospital at once．
12．非谓语动词
(1)动词不定式
①作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy．
It is not easy to learn a foreign language．
②作宾语
They began to read．
③作宾语补足语
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons．
We often heard her sing．
④作定语
I have an important meeting to attend．
⑤作状语
She went to see her grandma yesterday．
⑥用在how,when,where,what,which等之后
I don’t know how to use a computer．
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next．
*(2)动词的-ing形式
*(3)动词的-ed形式
13．构词法
(1)合成法classroom,something,readingroom,etc．
(2)派生法worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,cloudy,unhappy,etc．
(3)转化法hand(n．)一hand(v．) dry(adj．)一dry(v．),etc．
(4)缩写和简写US UK sth,sb．etc.
14．句子种类
(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句)
(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)
(4)感叹句
15．句子成分
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
(2)谓语 (主谓一致)
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
Either day is fine for me.
He and his classmates are going to the zoo next Sunday.
Reading and writing are very important.
(3)表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I' m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
I' m downstairs.
Tom bought a story book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
*(5)补语
(6)定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
(7)状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
16. 简单局的基本句型
（1）主语+系动词+表语
The bike is new.
The hat looks nice on you! (feel, taste, smell, sound)
(2) 主语 + 不及物动词
He swims in the river every summer.
(3) 主语+及物动词 + 宾语
Children often sing this song.
She showed her friends all her pictures.
She showed all her pictures to her friends.
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
(6) there be 句
"Is there a bank near here? . Yes, there is./No, there isn't."
"Are there any supermarkets in this town? . Yes, there is one. ,/ No, there aren't any.
"Was there an exam yesterday? . Yes, there was./No, there wasn't."
"Were there any good films last week? . Yes, there were./No, there weren't any."
There will be a heavy rain in a few days.
There is gong to be a sport meeting next week.
（06年）
¡ 06年 (15分）假如你叫计划,刚收到原同伴好友John的来信.John是上个学期随父母回加拿大的.这次来信,他想了解学校、班级的近况.请你根据以下内容提示给他回信.（信的开头以给）
提示：
（1）新同学Ann的情况
（2）学校、班级最近的一项活动,如运动会、球赛、郊游、英语晚会等.
要求：
（1）回信必须包括以上两方面内容,可适当发挥.
（2）文中不得出现真实的人名、校名或地名.
（3）词数为60-80.
Dear John,
I’m happy that everything is going on well with you! ________________________
17. 并列复合句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
18. 主从复合句
宾语从句
He said (that) he felt sick.
I don't know whether (if) she still works in the factory.
I take back what I said.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
What do you think the weather will be tomorrow?
时间状语从句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I was watching TV when you called me last night.
While he was walking along the street, he saw an accident.
条件状语从句
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
原因状语从句
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
比较句式
The earth is bigger than the moon.
状语从句?
He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
状语从句?
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
定语从句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which (that) are flying.
19．直接引语与间接引语
直接引语
间接引语
She said, "I'm happy at the news."
She said that she was happy at the news.
He said, "I like it very much."
He said that he liked it very much.
She said, "I can speak English very well."
She said (that) she could speak English very well.
They said, "We are swimming in the lake."
They said that they were swimming in the lake.
He said (to me), "I will call you tomorrow."
He told me (that) he would call me tomorrow.
She said to us, "I am going to visit you on Sunday."
She told us (that) she was going to visit us on Sunday.
He said (to us), "Are you ready?"
He asked us if we were ready.
He said (to me), "What do you want?"
He asked me what I wanted.
1．名词
(1)可数名词及其单复数 (2)不可数名词 (3)专有名词 (4)名词所有格
2．代词
(1)人称代词 (2)物主代词 (3)反身代词 (4)指示代词 (5)不定代词 (6)疑问代词
3．数词
(1)基数词 (2)序数词
4．介词(词汇表中所列介词的基本用法)
5．连词(词汇表中所列连词的基本用法)
6．形容词
(1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
(2)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法
①构成 -er,-est；more,the most
②基本句型
as+原级形式+as．．．
not as(so)+ 原级形式十as...
比较级形式 + than ...
the+最高级形式+... in (of)...
7．副词
(1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
(2)疑问副词when,where,how
(3)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)
①构成 -er,-est；more,the most
②基本句型
as十原级形式+as．．．
not as (so)十原级形式+as．．．
比较级形式+than．．．
the十最高级形式+．．．in(of)．．．
8．冠词
(1)不定冠词的基本用法
I have a new bike．
There is an island over there．
(2)定冠词的基本用法
Beijing is the capital of China．
Turn down the radio,please．
I got a book as a present．The book was really nice．
The sun is bigger than the earth．
Who teaches the first class?
The United States is also called USA．
The Browns all get up early in the morning．
Those medicines are for the poor．
9．动词
(1)动词的基本形式
(2)系动词 be,look,turn,get,become,etc．
(3)及物动词和不及物动词
(4)助动词 be,do,have,shall,will,etc．
(5)情态动词can,may,must,need,etc．
10．时态
(1)现在进行时
We're reading the text now．
They're waiting for a bus．
(2)一般现在时
I get up at six O'clock every morning．
He doesn't speak Russian．
They are very busy．
The moon moves round the earth．
When you see him,tell him to come to my place．
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free．
(3)一般过去时
I Was in Grade One last year．
I got up at five yesterday．
(4)一般将来时
①shall(will)+动词原形
I shall(will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon．
She will be here tomorrow．
②be going to十动词原形
I'm going to help him．
(5)过去进行时
We were having a meeting this time yesterday．
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her．
(6)现在完成时
I have already posted the letter．
They have lived here for ten years．
*(7)过去完成时
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year．
The film had already begun when l got to the cinema．
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing．
*(8)过去将来时
He said he would go to the cinema that evening．
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday．
11．被动语态
(1)一般现在时的被动语态
English is taught in that school．
(2)一般过去时的被动语态
The song was written by that worker．
(3)一般将来时的被动语态
It will be finished in two hours．
(4)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
She must be sent to hospital at once．
12．非谓语动词
(1)动词不定式
①作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy．
It is not easy to learn a foreign language．
②作宾语
They began to read．
③作宾语补足语
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons．
We often heard her sing．
④作定语
I have an important meeting to attend．
⑤作状语
She went to see her grandma yesterday．
⑥用在how,when,where,what,which等之后
I don’t know how to use a computer．
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next．
*(2)动词的-ing形式
*(3)动词的-ed形式
13．构词法
(1)合成法classroom,something,readingroom,etc．
(2)派生法worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,cloudy,unhappy,etc．
(3)转化法hand(n．)一hand(v．) dry(adj．)一dry(v．),etc．
(4)缩写和简写US UK sth,sb．etc.
14．句子种类
(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句)
(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)
(4)感叹句
15．句子成分
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
(2)谓语 (主谓一致)
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
Either day is fine for me.
He and his classmates are going to the zoo next Sunday.
Reading and writing are very important.
(3)表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I' m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
I' m downstairs.
Tom bought a story book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
*(5)补语
(6)定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
(7)状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
16. 简单局的基本句型
（1）主语+系动词+表语
The bike is new.
The hat looks nice on you! (feel, taste, smell, sound)
(2) 主语 + 不及物动词
He swims in the river every summer.
(3) 主语+及物动词 + 宾语
Children often sing this song.
She showed her friends all her pictures.
She showed all her pictures to her friends.
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
(6) there be 句
"Is there a bank near here? . Yes, there is./No, there isn't."
"Are there any supermarkets in this town? . Yes, there is one. ,/ No, there aren't any.
"Was there an exam yesterday? . Yes, there was./No, there wasn't."
"Were there any good films last week? . Yes, there were./No, there weren't any."
There will be a heavy rain in a few days.
There is gong to be a sport meeting next week.
（06年）
¡ 06年 (15分）假如你叫计划,刚收到原同伴好友John的来信.John是上个学期随父母回加拿大的.这次来信,他想了解学校、班级的近况.请你根据以下内容提示给他回信.（信的开头以给）
提示：
（1）新同学Ann的情况
（2）学校、班级最近的一项活动,如运动会、球赛、郊游、英语晚会等.
要求：
（1）回信必须包括以上两方面内容,可适当发挥.
（2）文中不得出现真实的人名、校名或地名.
（3）词数为60-80.
Dear John,
I’m happy that everything is going on well with you! ________________________
17. 并列复合句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
18. 主从复合句
宾语从句
He said (that) he felt sick.
I don't know whether (if) she still works in the factory.
I take back what I said.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
What do you think the weather will be tomorrow?
时间状语从句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I was watching TV when you called me last night.
While he was walking along the street, he saw an accident.
条件状语从句
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
原因状语从句
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
比较句式
The earth is bigger than the moon.
状语从句?
He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
状语从句?
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
定语从句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which (that) are flying.
19．直接引语与间接引语
直接引语
间接引语
She said, "I'm happy at the news."
She said that she was happy at the news.
He said, "I like it very much."
He said that he liked it very much.
She said, "I can speak English very well."
She said (that) she could speak English very well.
They said, "We are swimming in the lake."
They said that they were swimming in the lake.
He said (to me), "I will call you tomorrow."
He told me (that) he would call me tomorrow.
She said to us, "I am going to visit you on Sunday."
She told us (that) she was going to visit us on Sunday.
He said (to us), "Are you ready?"
He asked us if we were ready.
He said (to me), "What do you want?"
He asked me what I wanted.