英语好的进来】阅读文章Is Google making us Stupid?,回答下列问题

英语好的进来】阅读文章Is Google making us Stupid?,回答下列问题
1.In what ways has the internet been a godsend to the author of this article?
2.What are hyperlinks and how are they different from footnotes?
3.How is the internet changing the way our minds work?As stated by the media theorist Marshall Mcluhan
4.What was the result of the UK educational consortium research site program?What does it say about our reading habits?
5.How is being a"decoder of information" different from being a traditional reader?
6.What does the world malleable mean?How does it describe our brain?
7.How did the mechanical clock change society's point of referense?
8.How is the internet influence stretching beyond the computer screen?
9.What is the"system" and how did it change our culture?How does google use the idea of the "system"?
10.What is the author's opinion on the topic?

1. The internet helps a lot in his research as a writer. He (the author is male) used to spend a lot of time in libraries looking for what he needed, now it's much quicker and easier by searching the web.
2. In the author's opinion, footnotes are often compared to hyperlinks; however there're significant differences: the former point you to the related works, the latter PROPEL you toward them.
3. Marshall Mcluhan said, "media are not just passive channels of information. They supply the
stuff of thought, but they also shape the process of thought."
4. The report says people using the sites showed "a form of skimming activity." And "there are signs that new forms of “reading” are emerging as users 'power browse' horizontally through titles, contents pages and abstracts going for quick wins. It almost seems that they go online to avoid
reading in the traditional sense. "
5. Traditional readers have the ability to interpret text, make the rich mental connections. As decoders of information, this ability is largely disengaged.
6. The word "malleable" itself means capable of being extended or shaped by hammering, etc. Here it means, using Professor James Olds's words, "the adult brain has the ability to reprogram itself on the fly, altering the way it functions."
7. According to Lewis Mumford, the mechanical clock disassociated time from human events and helped create the belief in an independent world. The "sbstract framework of divided time" became "the pint of reference for both action and thought."
8. As people's minds become attuned to the crazy quilt of Internet media, traditional media have adopted to the audience's new expections, by using pop-ups, shortening articles, introducing summaries, etc.
9. Here the "system" means what's introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor, in which every job is broken down info discrete steps and the best way to perform each step is identified and applied, in order to realize maximum speed, efficiency, and output.

By measuring everying, Google seeks to develop methods which understands exactly what you mean and gives you back exactly what you want.”
10. The author is apparently is uneasy with the development. He doesn't agree that intelligence is the output of a machinical process.
However, he's also not sure if he's right by using the example of what happened after the arrival of Gutenberg's printing press.