英语翻译The classical liberal theory of the press derives from t

英语翻译
The classical liberal theory of the press derives from the eighteenth century when the principal “media” were public affairs-oriented newspapers.By contrast,media systems in the early twenty-first century are given over largely to entertainment.Even many so-called “news media” allocated only a small part of their content to public affairs—and a tiny amount to disclosure of official wrong-doing.Though we live amidst apparent communicative plenty,we are actually being starved of information—starved,that is,of the right kind of information; the kind that we require to function politically and to perform our civic duties.We live in an era of proliferating media outlets,it is generally acknowledged,but their content is increasingly shaped by the low,base needs of commerce and profit rather than the higher motivations of culture and civic duty.In so far as the media are concerned,more most definitely means less.The coincidence of the emergence of mass circulation newspapers and the concentration of ownership meant that a small number of press barons had acquired a considerable amount of power which was a direct threat to the development of democracy.And the issue is no longer simply that the media are compromised by their links to big business:the media are big business.
The BBC,since its inception,has been a very special case.It represents a form of broadcasting informed by the concept of public service.A public service-catering for all sections of the community,reaching all parts of the country regardless of cost,seeking to educate,inform,and improve,and prepared to lead public opinion rather than follow it,a public corporation dependent on government funding but claiming a high degree of autonomy from the state.The decision to set up broadcasting as a public service monopoly in the hands of the BBC was a clear rejection of the market as the means for organizing this new medium.The central consideration was that the audience would be treated as citizens rather than consumers and educated to play a full part in the democratic and cultural life of the nation; broadcasting should be independent of state control and that the interests of the state and the interests of the civil society are not necessarily identical.

在新闻界,古典自由主义理论起源于18世纪,当时重要的“媒体”只是传播公共新闻的报纸.然而,在21世纪早期,媒体系统在很大程度上转向了娱乐方面.甚至很多“新闻媒体”也只给公共事物分配很小一部分空间,并极少披露官方的错行.虽然可以非常方便地交流,但我们却处于饥饿状态——缺乏信息,就是缺乏正确的信息,缺乏使我们发挥政治作用并履行公民职责的信息.我们处在一个公认的媒体扩散的时代,但是媒体的内容日益趋向于商业和利益的基本的低级需求,而不是文化和公民责任的高级需要.至于媒体的数量,绝对是过犹不及.流通着众多的报纸和关注版权同时并存,这意味着只有少数几家报纸得到了大量的权利,这是民主进程中的直接威胁.于是,媒体不在简单地受与之有关的大公司的控制,媒体本身已经成了一个大公司.
英国广播公司自始至今都是一个特殊的实例.它代表广播的一种形式,为大众服务的意识塑造了这种广播.这种意识就是为社区各个层次的人服务,可以不计代价,服务全国所有地方,只为教育,塑造,提高和准备引领大众思想,而不是被大众引领,一个依靠政府资助而寻求高度自治的公司.建立广播并为大众服务的决定是英国广播公司的专利,它明确反对用市场作为组织这个新媒体的手段.问题的关键是把听众作为公民而不是顾客看待,教育公民参与国家的民主和文话生活；广播不应该接受国家的控制,国家的利益和民众的利益并非一定要统一起来.