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across through over on的区别辨析

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across through over on的区别辨析
解题思路: 介词辨析
解题过程:
across 和 through:
<1> 它们均表示由某地方的一端向另一端的移动。但across 强调在某个表面上的运动,有“on”的含义;through 则强调在一个上、下、左、右皆有东西的三维空间里移动,含有“in”的意义, 如:
The lake was frozen, so we walked across the ice.
It took us 2 hours to walk through the forest/tunnel.
I ran across the square to the cafe.
I pushed through the crowds to the bar.
<2> 当表示横向跨过一条河流、街道等时,用across, 如:
She swam across the English Channel/the river.
表示纵向通过或说不出横纵向时用through:
I wandered through the town/village.
On our way we had to go through Hudson street.
On和over
1)on表示在一物体上,强调两物相接触,over也表示在一物体上,但强调覆盖这一物体。试比较:
① She put her coat on the bed. 她把大衣放在床上。
② She put her coat over the sleeping baby. 她把大衣盖在那正在睡觉的孩子身上。
③There’s a magazine lying open on the table.桌上有本杂志翻开着。
④There’s a cloth over the table. 桌上摊着一块台布。
⑤ The woman lifted a big jar on her head. 那位妇女头上顶着一只大坛子。
⑥ She put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住脸。
▲ over表示“越过”某一高度,具有动态之意,on仅表示“处于……之上”,是静态。试比较:
⑦ They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. 他们肩背绳索拖拽巨石。(绳在肩膀两边弯下去,不用on。)
⑧ To my horror, I saw, over my father’s shoulder, a gorilla, the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa. 使我感到恐怖的是,从我父亲的肩膀上看过去,我发现非洲士兵最危险的敌人--------一只大猩猩。(视线越过肩膀后,一直向前方延伸,不用on. )
⑨ The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders. 农民们肩上扛着锄头,向田地走去。(仅表示锄头所处的位置。是静态,用on,不用over. )
▲over表示在某人或某物的正上方,反义词是under。above表示位置高于某人或某物。但不一定是正上方,反义词是below.
最终答案:略