作业帮两个思考的问题,从微观经济学方面给点思路,谢谢
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/29 03:39:43
两个思考的问题,从微观经济学方面给点思路,谢谢
a) Pollution is considered a source of negative market externalities.With the presence of a negative externality,there is an implied social cost(pollution) to the economy in addition to its normal cost of production.Therefore,the real market equilibrium will not be reached unless the real cost has been fully accounted for.By levying a pollution tax(either on producers or consumers),the market addresses and takes into account such social cost.If the tax is exactly the full amount of the externality,the market reaches the equilibrium.
b) If the tax is levied on producers,the supply curve will shift left,driving the equilibrium price up and equilibrium quantity down.In the short run,consumers tend NOT to change their consumption behavior,leaving their demand for alcohol relatively inelastic---the price will go up while the quantity demanded decreases only by a small amount.In the long run,consumers are more responsive to higher price by switching to substitutes of alcohols---thus decreasing the quantity demanded in the long run.DWL is likely to be greater in the fifth year.
b) If the tax is levied on producers,the supply curve will shift left,driving the equilibrium price up and equilibrium quantity down.In the short run,consumers tend NOT to change their consumption behavior,leaving their demand for alcohol relatively inelastic---the price will go up while the quantity demanded decreases only by a small amount.In the long run,consumers are more responsive to higher price by switching to substitutes of alcohols---thus decreasing the quantity demanded in the long run.DWL is likely to be greater in the fifth year.