作业帮请问哪里有关于江南的英文论文啊?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/13 11:17:17
请问哪里有关于江南的英文论文啊?
毕业论文题目《古代文人中的江南情结》，现需找一篇英文论文，与毕业论文相关的，再翻译成中文，如果有英中互译的更加好，
毕业论文题目《古代文人中的江南情结》，现需找一篇英文论文，与毕业论文相关的，再翻译成中文，如果有英中互译的更加好，
古代文人中的江南情结
Ancient Civilians' Jiangnan Complex
或
The Jiangnan Complex of Scholars of Ancient China
Jiangnan or Jiang Nan (Chinese: 江南; pinyin: Jiāngnán; Wade-Giles: Chiang nan; sometimes spelled Kiang-nan) is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of the Yangtze Delta. This region is largely Wu-speaking.
The word Jiangnan is based on the Chinese name for the Yangtze, Cháng Jiāng, and nán meaning "south." The region encompasses the Shanghai Municipality, the southern part of Jiangsu Province, the southern part of Anhui Province, the northern part of Jiangxi Province, and the northern part of Zhejiang Province. The most important cities in the area are Shanghai, Nanjing, Ningbo, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Shaoxing.
Jiangnan has been a leading region of China for at least 1000 years, with its strong economy and human resources. Although only constituting 5% of area in China, it is responsible of more than 40% of the Chinese GDP. The intellectual life of Jiangnan has been highly distinguished throughout Chinese history and greatly influenced Chinese culture as a whole.
In the last 15 years, manufacturing, including automobiles (General Motors, Volkswagen), electronics and textiles industries, are concentrated in this area, taking advantage of cheap labor and convenient transportation. Jiangnan industries play an important role in China's export trade and produce much of the consumer goods used around the world.
[edit] History of Jiangnan
The earliest archaeological evidence were of the Liangzhu culture from around 2600-2000 BC, who created complex and beautiful jade artifacts. Their economy was based on rice cultivation, fishing and constructed houses on stilts over rivers or lakes. During the Zhou Dynasty, the Wu and Yue peoples inhabited the area and lived similarly to the Liangzhu, with heavy aquaculture and stilt houses, but became increasingly sinicized through contact with northern Chinese states. They adopted the Chinese writing system and created excellent bronze swords. The Chu state from the west (in Hubei) expanded into this area and defeated the Yue state. After Chu was conquered by Qin, China was unified. It was not until the fall of Western Jin during the early 4th century AD that northern Chinese moved to Jiangnan in significant numbers. The Yellow River valley was becoming barren due to flooding (lack of trees after intensive logging to create farmland).
Although Chinese civilization originated in the North China Plain around the Yellow River, natural climate change and continuous harassment from nomadic enemies damaged North China's agricultural productivity throughout the 1st millennium AD. Many people settled in South China, where the Jiangnan area's warm and wet climate were ideal for supporting agriculture and allowed highly sophisticated cities to arise. As early as the East Han period (circa 2nd century AD), Jiangnan areas became one of the more economically prominent areas of China. Other than rice, Jiangnan produced highly profitable trade products such as tea and silk. Convenient transportation - the Grand Canal to the north, the Yangtze River to the west, and seaports such as Yangzhou - contributed greatly to local trade and also trade between ancient China and other nations.
Several Chinese Dynasties were based in Jiangnan. During the Three Kingdoms period, Jianye (modern-day Nanjing) was the capital of the Kingdom of Wu. In the 3rd century, many northern Chinese moved here after Turkic nomads controlled the north. In the 12th century, nomadic tribes completely overran northern China and the exiled Song Dynasty government retreated south, establishing its capital at Hangzhou. The early Ming Dynasty was initially based at Nanjing before the second Ming Emperor, Yongle, moved the capital to Beijing. After the fall of the Chinese monarchy in 1911, the Republic of China had its national capital at Nanjing.
During the 19th century Taiping Rebellion, the rebel Taiping state occupied much of Jiangnan, which suffered much damage from the fighting.
The Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong made many visits to Jiang Nan (Chinese: 乾隆下江南; pinyin: Qiánlóng Xià Jiāngnán), which have been the popular subject of numerous Chinese operas and television dramas.
江南,字面义为江之南面.“江”在汉语中有特指大江,即长江.江南本意指长江以南的地区.在古代,江南往往代表着繁荣发达的文化教育和美丽富庶的水乡景象,区域大致为长江下游南岸的地区.
历史上的江南
在先秦时期已经存在江南的说法.一直到隋朝,仍然以中原地区为地理坐标中心,江南往往指湖南、湖北长江以南一带.
唐朝设立江南道,后来又分为江南东道、江南西道和黔中道,成为定义现代江南含义的开端,往后江南成为江东地区的专称.历史上以“江南”命名的行政区的演化：
唐朝以前,江南一词所指区域囊括长江以南以及长江沿岸广大地区,包括荆州（鄂东南、湖南）、扬州（江西、皖南、福建、苏南、上海、浙江）.
唐朝时设立江南西道（鄂东南、湖南、江西、皖南）、江南东道（福建、苏南、上海、浙江）.
宋朝时设立江南西路（江西大部、鄂东南）、江南东路（赣东北、皖南、南京一带）.
清初1645年设立江南省,1667年分为江苏省、安徽省.但江南省不仅包括部分江南地区,还包括了大片的江北地区（淮北、苏北）.
唐太宗设立江南道,范围包括整个长江中下游长江以南地区,以及贵州、福建等地.唐玄宗把江南道细分为江南东道、江南西道和黔中道.江南在古代分为江南之东和江南之西.唐宋设江南西道、江南西路,涵盖江南之西的江西、湖南和湖北南部,本为广义的江南组成.后以狭义的江南的概念,将江南西道演化为今江西省；而江东地区则以南京市为中心,主要包括苏、浙、皖部分地区.清代设两江总督署,辖江苏省（含上海）、安徽省、江西省,两江即含江东、江西.
现代的江南
现代江南的定义,大概分大江南和小江南两种,即广义的江南和狭义的江南.
广义的江南指整个长江中下游长江以南的地区,即苏南、浙江、安徽长江以南、江西、湖南和湖北长江以南地区.福建有些地区有时也被称为江南.广义的江南的定义始于古代的区划（江南道）,也常有文学作品描述.如杜甫《江南逢李龟年》,是写在长沙的事.天气预报中的所指的江南也大致为广义江南地带.江南三大名楼（武汉市的黄鹤楼,岳阳市的岳阳楼和南昌市的滕王阁）均位于小江南以外的大江南地带.
狭义的江南大致指苏南和浙北地区,但具体范围并不很明确.这个概念大概从唐末开始,到明清时期成型.最明确的江南核心地带,大致只包括太湖周边的几个城市,如苏州、杭州、无锡、常州等.南京也在江南核心地带,但由于南京的语言在时代变迁中逐渐成为江淮官话（江北话）,吴语区对南京的江南认可度并不高.上海的行政历史比较短,但由于其重要的经济地位,在现代概念中也基本被纳入小江南范围.
而并非长江流域却多被认为是江南地域的有太湖以南以至钱塘江以南部分地区,如绍兴、宁波等城市.长江下游以北某些地区,如扬州地区等,虽然地理位置在江北,但经济文化形同江南,有时候也被看作是文化意义上的江南的一部分.同样由于江北话的缘故,狭义江南也并非一直包括扬州和镇江.
由于不仅是狭义的江南,广义的江南地区也经常在历史文学描述中出现而且赞美,如江南三大名楼都有诗人的著名题词《岳阳楼记》、《滕王阁序》等,因此并不能确定狭义的江南地区的定义具体是何时形成的,只能证明是在唐末开始逐渐演变发展的.
地理上的江南
从字面来理解,地理上的江南即指长江以南,也就是整个长江中下游流域地区.这大概包括洞庭湖水系、鄱阳湖水系和太湖水系三个大组成部分.
气象方面看来,梅雨是江南地区的特征气候.除了最有特征的梅雨外,春雨、伏旱、冬季的阴沉细雨和阴冷,都是江南地区的主要气候特点.这个范围不仅包括长江以南、南岭以北,还包括了长江以北到淮河以南的大片江北地区.形容这些气候特征的古代诗词比比皆是,如“清明时节雨纷纷,路上行人欲断魂”等.
地理概念里还有“江南丘陵”的说法.江南丘陵是长江以南、南岭以北、武夷山、天目山以西、贵州高原以东的低山丘陵的总称.大致处于湖南中、东部地区,江西大部地区以及安徽南部、浙江西部地区.
文化上的江南
文化上的江南是江南的重要概念.文化上的江南,在广义和狭义上也有区别.具体的差别在下文中分项介绍.
江南建筑
江南园林是以开池筑山为主的自然式风景山水园林,兴盛于明清.以苏州市、扬州市、南京市、无锡市、常州市、湖州市、上海市、嘉兴市、杭州市等城市为主,其中又以苏州、扬州最具有代表性,而私家园林则以苏州为最多.
著名江南园林
江南园林通常为私家园林,玄武湖是当代仅存的江南皇家园林.
苏州 拙政园 留园 狮子林 沧浪亭 网师园
扬州 五亭桥 个园 何园
南京 瞻园 煦园
无锡 寄畅园 蠡园
杭州 郭庄 汪庄 刘庄
湖州 小莲庄
常熟 燕园
上海 豫园
江南三大名楼是指武汉市的黄鹤楼,岳阳市的岳阳楼和南昌市的滕王阁.三楼均有著名诗人作词作赋,诗文流传千古,为众人所熟知.
江南的民居,以江浙民居和徽派民居风格为最典型的代表,也经常直接被认为是江南民居风格.这类建筑分布在大江南区域,其中江浙地区为江浙民居风格为多,徽派民居及其衍生的民居则分布在皖南、江西以及湖南东部地区.比较著名的江南小镇有周庄、同里、乌镇、西塘等.黄山脚下的宏村、西递是徽派建筑的代表.
江南教育
江南素以文化教育繁盛着称.位于秦淮河的夫子庙是纪念孔子的庙宇,夫子庙建筑群中的江南贡院在古代为科举考试的考场,是江南科举文化的象征.
江南有许多著名的书院.四大书院有三个位于江南,即岳麓书院、石鼓书院、白鹿洞书院.其它还有象山书院、丽泽书院、东林书院、明道书院、茅山书院等.
诗歌江南
从古至今,歌咏江南的大量文学作品建构了中国人想象中的“江南”.诗歌里描述的江南,包括小江南地区,以及大江南地区的湖南北部（岳阳、长沙）、江西北部（庐山、南昌）、皖南地区和武汉地区.
著名诗词列举：
白居易《江南好》 苏东坡《望江南》.
江南语系
地域文化上,吴文化是江南文化的重要组成部分.吴语有时也被称为江南话,吴语和雅言融合而成的官话有时也被称为江南官话.吴语主要通行于苏南和浙江地区,但位于江南的南京操江北话.
大江南地区,还有赣语、湘语等南方方言.如果包括非长江流域,那还有粤语和闽语两大南方方言.
江南经济
长江三角洲是中国经济最发达的地区之一,指以长江入海而形成的冲击扇平原所形成的江苏、上海和浙江一带.自1980年代改革开放以来,江南东部一带的十几个城市被人们称为“长三角”,成为中国经济版图上与“珠三角”等并列的一极.在2001年,江南地区15个城市所组成的长三角城市带,以占中国大陆1%的土地和6%的人口,创造了18%的国内生产总值,贡献了中国大陆四分之一的财政收入.从经济上来说,长三角的繁荣也是对狭义江南的一个很好诠释.
Ancient Civilians' Jiangnan Complex
或
The Jiangnan Complex of Scholars of Ancient China
Jiangnan or Jiang Nan (Chinese: 江南; pinyin: Jiāngnán; Wade-Giles: Chiang nan; sometimes spelled Kiang-nan) is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of the Yangtze Delta. This region is largely Wu-speaking.
The word Jiangnan is based on the Chinese name for the Yangtze, Cháng Jiāng, and nán meaning "south." The region encompasses the Shanghai Municipality, the southern part of Jiangsu Province, the southern part of Anhui Province, the northern part of Jiangxi Province, and the northern part of Zhejiang Province. The most important cities in the area are Shanghai, Nanjing, Ningbo, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Shaoxing.
Jiangnan has been a leading region of China for at least 1000 years, with its strong economy and human resources. Although only constituting 5% of area in China, it is responsible of more than 40% of the Chinese GDP. The intellectual life of Jiangnan has been highly distinguished throughout Chinese history and greatly influenced Chinese culture as a whole.
In the last 15 years, manufacturing, including automobiles (General Motors, Volkswagen), electronics and textiles industries, are concentrated in this area, taking advantage of cheap labor and convenient transportation. Jiangnan industries play an important role in China's export trade and produce much of the consumer goods used around the world.
[edit] History of Jiangnan
The earliest archaeological evidence were of the Liangzhu culture from around 2600-2000 BC, who created complex and beautiful jade artifacts. Their economy was based on rice cultivation, fishing and constructed houses on stilts over rivers or lakes. During the Zhou Dynasty, the Wu and Yue peoples inhabited the area and lived similarly to the Liangzhu, with heavy aquaculture and stilt houses, but became increasingly sinicized through contact with northern Chinese states. They adopted the Chinese writing system and created excellent bronze swords. The Chu state from the west (in Hubei) expanded into this area and defeated the Yue state. After Chu was conquered by Qin, China was unified. It was not until the fall of Western Jin during the early 4th century AD that northern Chinese moved to Jiangnan in significant numbers. The Yellow River valley was becoming barren due to flooding (lack of trees after intensive logging to create farmland).
Although Chinese civilization originated in the North China Plain around the Yellow River, natural climate change and continuous harassment from nomadic enemies damaged North China's agricultural productivity throughout the 1st millennium AD. Many people settled in South China, where the Jiangnan area's warm and wet climate were ideal for supporting agriculture and allowed highly sophisticated cities to arise. As early as the East Han period (circa 2nd century AD), Jiangnan areas became one of the more economically prominent areas of China. Other than rice, Jiangnan produced highly profitable trade products such as tea and silk. Convenient transportation - the Grand Canal to the north, the Yangtze River to the west, and seaports such as Yangzhou - contributed greatly to local trade and also trade between ancient China and other nations.
Several Chinese Dynasties were based in Jiangnan. During the Three Kingdoms period, Jianye (modern-day Nanjing) was the capital of the Kingdom of Wu. In the 3rd century, many northern Chinese moved here after Turkic nomads controlled the north. In the 12th century, nomadic tribes completely overran northern China and the exiled Song Dynasty government retreated south, establishing its capital at Hangzhou. The early Ming Dynasty was initially based at Nanjing before the second Ming Emperor, Yongle, moved the capital to Beijing. After the fall of the Chinese monarchy in 1911, the Republic of China had its national capital at Nanjing.
During the 19th century Taiping Rebellion, the rebel Taiping state occupied much of Jiangnan, which suffered much damage from the fighting.
The Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong made many visits to Jiang Nan (Chinese: 乾隆下江南; pinyin: Qiánlóng Xià Jiāngnán), which have been the popular subject of numerous Chinese operas and television dramas.
江南,字面义为江之南面.“江”在汉语中有特指大江,即长江.江南本意指长江以南的地区.在古代,江南往往代表着繁荣发达的文化教育和美丽富庶的水乡景象,区域大致为长江下游南岸的地区.
历史上的江南
在先秦时期已经存在江南的说法.一直到隋朝,仍然以中原地区为地理坐标中心,江南往往指湖南、湖北长江以南一带.
唐朝设立江南道,后来又分为江南东道、江南西道和黔中道,成为定义现代江南含义的开端,往后江南成为江东地区的专称.历史上以“江南”命名的行政区的演化：
唐朝以前,江南一词所指区域囊括长江以南以及长江沿岸广大地区,包括荆州（鄂东南、湖南）、扬州（江西、皖南、福建、苏南、上海、浙江）.
唐朝时设立江南西道（鄂东南、湖南、江西、皖南）、江南东道（福建、苏南、上海、浙江）.
宋朝时设立江南西路（江西大部、鄂东南）、江南东路（赣东北、皖南、南京一带）.
清初1645年设立江南省,1667年分为江苏省、安徽省.但江南省不仅包括部分江南地区,还包括了大片的江北地区（淮北、苏北）.
唐太宗设立江南道,范围包括整个长江中下游长江以南地区,以及贵州、福建等地.唐玄宗把江南道细分为江南东道、江南西道和黔中道.江南在古代分为江南之东和江南之西.唐宋设江南西道、江南西路,涵盖江南之西的江西、湖南和湖北南部,本为广义的江南组成.后以狭义的江南的概念,将江南西道演化为今江西省；而江东地区则以南京市为中心,主要包括苏、浙、皖部分地区.清代设两江总督署,辖江苏省（含上海）、安徽省、江西省,两江即含江东、江西.
现代的江南
现代江南的定义,大概分大江南和小江南两种,即广义的江南和狭义的江南.
广义的江南指整个长江中下游长江以南的地区,即苏南、浙江、安徽长江以南、江西、湖南和湖北长江以南地区.福建有些地区有时也被称为江南.广义的江南的定义始于古代的区划（江南道）,也常有文学作品描述.如杜甫《江南逢李龟年》,是写在长沙的事.天气预报中的所指的江南也大致为广义江南地带.江南三大名楼（武汉市的黄鹤楼,岳阳市的岳阳楼和南昌市的滕王阁）均位于小江南以外的大江南地带.
狭义的江南大致指苏南和浙北地区,但具体范围并不很明确.这个概念大概从唐末开始,到明清时期成型.最明确的江南核心地带,大致只包括太湖周边的几个城市,如苏州、杭州、无锡、常州等.南京也在江南核心地带,但由于南京的语言在时代变迁中逐渐成为江淮官话（江北话）,吴语区对南京的江南认可度并不高.上海的行政历史比较短,但由于其重要的经济地位,在现代概念中也基本被纳入小江南范围.
而并非长江流域却多被认为是江南地域的有太湖以南以至钱塘江以南部分地区,如绍兴、宁波等城市.长江下游以北某些地区,如扬州地区等,虽然地理位置在江北,但经济文化形同江南,有时候也被看作是文化意义上的江南的一部分.同样由于江北话的缘故,狭义江南也并非一直包括扬州和镇江.
由于不仅是狭义的江南,广义的江南地区也经常在历史文学描述中出现而且赞美,如江南三大名楼都有诗人的著名题词《岳阳楼记》、《滕王阁序》等,因此并不能确定狭义的江南地区的定义具体是何时形成的,只能证明是在唐末开始逐渐演变发展的.
地理上的江南
从字面来理解,地理上的江南即指长江以南,也就是整个长江中下游流域地区.这大概包括洞庭湖水系、鄱阳湖水系和太湖水系三个大组成部分.
气象方面看来,梅雨是江南地区的特征气候.除了最有特征的梅雨外,春雨、伏旱、冬季的阴沉细雨和阴冷,都是江南地区的主要气候特点.这个范围不仅包括长江以南、南岭以北,还包括了长江以北到淮河以南的大片江北地区.形容这些气候特征的古代诗词比比皆是,如“清明时节雨纷纷,路上行人欲断魂”等.
地理概念里还有“江南丘陵”的说法.江南丘陵是长江以南、南岭以北、武夷山、天目山以西、贵州高原以东的低山丘陵的总称.大致处于湖南中、东部地区,江西大部地区以及安徽南部、浙江西部地区.
文化上的江南
文化上的江南是江南的重要概念.文化上的江南,在广义和狭义上也有区别.具体的差别在下文中分项介绍.
江南建筑
江南园林是以开池筑山为主的自然式风景山水园林,兴盛于明清.以苏州市、扬州市、南京市、无锡市、常州市、湖州市、上海市、嘉兴市、杭州市等城市为主,其中又以苏州、扬州最具有代表性,而私家园林则以苏州为最多.
著名江南园林
江南园林通常为私家园林,玄武湖是当代仅存的江南皇家园林.
苏州 拙政园 留园 狮子林 沧浪亭 网师园
扬州 五亭桥 个园 何园
南京 瞻园 煦园
无锡 寄畅园 蠡园
杭州 郭庄 汪庄 刘庄
湖州 小莲庄
常熟 燕园
上海 豫园
江南三大名楼是指武汉市的黄鹤楼,岳阳市的岳阳楼和南昌市的滕王阁.三楼均有著名诗人作词作赋,诗文流传千古,为众人所熟知.
江南的民居,以江浙民居和徽派民居风格为最典型的代表,也经常直接被认为是江南民居风格.这类建筑分布在大江南区域,其中江浙地区为江浙民居风格为多,徽派民居及其衍生的民居则分布在皖南、江西以及湖南东部地区.比较著名的江南小镇有周庄、同里、乌镇、西塘等.黄山脚下的宏村、西递是徽派建筑的代表.
江南教育
江南素以文化教育繁盛着称.位于秦淮河的夫子庙是纪念孔子的庙宇,夫子庙建筑群中的江南贡院在古代为科举考试的考场,是江南科举文化的象征.
江南有许多著名的书院.四大书院有三个位于江南,即岳麓书院、石鼓书院、白鹿洞书院.其它还有象山书院、丽泽书院、东林书院、明道书院、茅山书院等.
诗歌江南
从古至今,歌咏江南的大量文学作品建构了中国人想象中的“江南”.诗歌里描述的江南,包括小江南地区,以及大江南地区的湖南北部（岳阳、长沙）、江西北部（庐山、南昌）、皖南地区和武汉地区.
著名诗词列举：
白居易《江南好》 苏东坡《望江南》.
江南语系
地域文化上,吴文化是江南文化的重要组成部分.吴语有时也被称为江南话,吴语和雅言融合而成的官话有时也被称为江南官话.吴语主要通行于苏南和浙江地区,但位于江南的南京操江北话.
大江南地区,还有赣语、湘语等南方方言.如果包括非长江流域,那还有粤语和闽语两大南方方言.
江南经济
长江三角洲是中国经济最发达的地区之一,指以长江入海而形成的冲击扇平原所形成的江苏、上海和浙江一带.自1980年代改革开放以来,江南东部一带的十几个城市被人们称为“长三角”,成为中国经济版图上与“珠三角”等并列的一极.在2001年,江南地区15个城市所组成的长三角城市带,以占中国大陆1%的土地和6%的人口,创造了18%的国内生产总值,贡献了中国大陆四分之一的财政收入.从经济上来说,长三角的繁荣也是对狭义江南的一个很好诠释.