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关于宾语从句~~~

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/19 06:09:21
老师,麻烦说一下宾语从句的构成和应用,请讲详细些!!谢谢
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
宾语从句(一)
  在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。
  宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:
  She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.
  她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
  She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
  她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
  She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.
  她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
  当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:
  He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
  他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
  He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
  他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
  He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.
  他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
  当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:
  The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
  老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。
  She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
  她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
  He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。
宾语从句(二)
由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
  连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。如:
  We don't know whether (if) it is right.
  我们不知道它是否正确。
  
  试比较:
  当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如:
  I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。
  当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如:
  I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去.
我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点:
  一、引导词的使用
  1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:
  Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
  2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:
  David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
  3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:
  Do you know what we can do on the island?
  I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
  二、语序的陈述化
  宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:
  When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
  Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
  三、时态的呼应
  1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:
  I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
  2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:
  He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
  3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如:
  Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
  四、否定转移
  当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:
  I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
  I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
最终答案:略