英语翻译Successful people in international business understand t

英语翻译
Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions-mistaken ideas.
One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism,the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.To avoid ethnocentrism,it’s necessary to study the different elements of culture:language,values and attitudes,and customs and manners.
Language
A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.First,people can communicates directly.Second,people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language.Third,an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly.Finally,knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.
Values and Attitudes
Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong,good and bad.An attitude is way of thinking or acting.Values and attitudes influence international business.For example,many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries,and they buy a lot of it.
Customs and Manners
Customs are common social practices.Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.For example,in the United States,it is custom to have salad before the main course at dinner,not after.It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table.Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products.Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast

国际商务中的成功人士了解其他国家的文化并且学着在不同的文化环境中改变他们的行为.他们懂得要避免作出建立在误解的基础上的商业决策的重要性.
产生误解的其中一个原因是民族优越感.这个理论就是人们总认为自己的文化的做事情的方法比其他文化的好.民族优越感是国际商务中的一大忌.为了避免产生民族优越感,我们有必要学习不同的文化中的语言、价值观、态度、以及风俗和礼仪.
语言
当地语言的知识可以在四个方面帮助国际商务人士.首先,人们可以直接交流.第二,人们通常在与说他们语言的人交流时更开放.第三,对他们语言的理解能让人们来推断对话中没有直接说出的意思.最后,知道当地语言有助于人们更好得理解这种文化.
态度和价值观
价值观是人们有关如何区分对错、好坏的基本观念.态度就是一种思考或行动方式.态度和价值观会影响国际业务.例如,许多美国人相信巧克力比瑞士巧克力比其他国家的好,于是他们买了很多.
风俗和礼仪
风俗是普遍的社会实践.礼仪是社会认为有礼貌的行为方式.例如,在美国,在上主菜之前吃沙拉而不是之后,是一种风俗习惯.用餐时嘴里含着食物说话是不能接受的.未能了解其他国家的风俗和礼仪会给产品销售带来困难.橙汁作为美国公司的早餐伴饮在法国却卖得不好,这是因为法国通常早餐不喝果汁.