英语翻译1.in addition to tension and conpression,another force i

英语翻译
1.in addition to tension and conpression,another force is at work,namely shear,which we defined as the tendency of a material to fractuce along the lines of stress.
2.the enormous advantage of steel is its tensile strength;that is,it does not lose its strength when it is under a calculated degree of tension,a force which,as we have seen,tends to pull apart many materials.
3.mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of sol-id bodies subjected to various types of loading.
4.this condition will be realized if the axial force P acts through the centriod of the cross sec-tion,as can be demonstrated by static.When the load P does not act at the centriod,bending of the bar will result,and a more complicated analysis is necessary
5.soil investigation is a means of obtainning data regarding the properties and characteristics of subsoils by providing samples for testing or providing a means of access for visual inspection
6.In cohesive soils the voids are very often completely saturated with water which in itself is nearly incompressible and therefore compression of the soil can only take place by the water moving out of the voids thus allowling settlement of the particles
7.This is the most highly technical and mathematical phase of a structural engineering pro-ject,but it cannot and certainly should not-be conducted without being fully coordinated with the planning and construction phases of the project
8.the allowable-stress approach has an important disadvantage in that it does not provide a uniform overload capacity for all parts and all types of structures
9.In recent decades,there has been a growing concern among many prominent engineers that not only is the term"factor of safety"improper and unrealistic,but worse still a structural design philosophy based on this concept leads in most cases to an unduly conservative and therefore uneco-nomical design,and in some cases to an unduly conservative design with too hign a probability of failure

压力.
2.巨大的优势是它的拉伸强度钢的,也就是说,它不失去它的力量时,它是一个程度下计算的张力,一种力,正如我们所见,倾向于将它们分开许多材料.
3.材料力学的一个分支,应用力学处理尸体的行为受到sol-id各类型的载入.
4.这种情况将会意识到如果轴向力P徒通过centriod钉在十字架上sec-tion,从中我们可以证明了静.当载荷P不行动的centriod、弯曲的酒吧将结果,并提供了一个更复杂的分析是必要的
5.土壤调查是关于obtainning数据的方法的性能特点subsoils提供样品测试的一种手段或提供存取视觉检测
6.在粘性土壤空隙的常常是完全饱和水本身几乎是不可压缩的压缩,因此只能发生土壤水运动从孔隙中排出这样的解决allowling粒子
7.这是最高度技术和数学阶段的结构工程计画,但是它却不能,当然应该not-be没有被完全配合进行规划和建设阶段的项目
8.方法具有重要的allowable-stress劣势,它不提供一致的过载能力,所有部件,所有类型的结构
9.近几十年来,已经有越来越多的关注,许多著名的工程师不仅是术语“安全系数的“不正当的、不现实的,但更糟的是一个结构设计理念基于此概念引导,在大多数情况下,一个过度的保守,因此uneco-nomical设计,并在某些情况下,一个过度保守的设计与高一个问题了