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名词性从句的相关内容

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what which when that 等词在名词性从句的用法与区别
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,它可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有 “or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.
注明:大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
从句连接词的考查
1. that和what的选择
that和what都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句(what一般不引导同位语从句,而that则可以)。what不但起连接作用还在句子中充当成分,可作从句中的主语、宾语或表语。而that只起连接作用,不充当任何成分。如:
(1)Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _____he had done the day before.(′00上海春季试题)
A. that B. how C. where D. what
析:答案是D项。从句意上看从句缺少宾语。即he had done sth. A项不充当任何成分.B、C在句中充当状语。
(2)_____you don’t like him is none of my business.(’92上海试题)
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
析:答案是C项。该题是主语从句, 从句部分的成分(主、谓、宾)齐全。故选C项。它只起连接作用,不充当成分。
2. if 和whether 的选择
引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词后的宾语从句,不能用if, 只能用whether。引导动词后的宾语从句可用if或whether。
(1)_____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NMET′96)
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
析:这是主语从句,意思是“我们明天是否去野营取决于天气”。要填whether表示“是否”。
(2)_____the2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing not known yet.(NMET′92)
A. That B. If C. Whether D. Whenever
析:这是主语从句,从句成分齐全。根据意思是否举办奥运会还不知道。不能用if,故选C。
3. 其他连接代词和副词的选择
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确选择who ,which, when, where, why, how 等连接词。这些连接词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。其区别从词义上就很明显的。如:
①_____we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
A. When B. What C. Why D. How
析:这是主语从句,根据句意:我们举行运动会的时间还没有决定。即:从句缺少时间状语。故选A。
②I have no idea _____ broke the glass yesterday.
A. which B. when C. who D. where
析:该句是同位语从句。从句缺少主语,而这四个选项中只有C项能充当主语。故选C项。
4. 引导词that 的省略
主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,用it作形式宾语的宾语从句及并列宾语从句中的后几个从句, that 不能省略。只有单个的宾语从句中的that可以省略。如:
①I don’t think (that) she is coming. 我认为她不会来了。
②The reason is that he is careless. 原因是他太粗心。
③He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.
他告诉我他的父亲死了,他不得不独自谋生。
5. whatever 和whoever 的用法
这两个词可以引导主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,并在从句中作主语,宾语,表语等。这种用法中,whatever,whoever 在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever= anything that ;whoever= anyone who ,要注意和 whatever ,whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别,如:
Whoever breaks the law should be punished . (主语从句)
=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁犯了法,都应该受到惩罚。
Whoever breaks the law , he should be punished . (让步状语从句, 主句和从句都有自己独立的主语)= No matter who breaks the law , he should be punished . 不管是谁犯了法, 他都应该受到惩罚。
We will do whatever we can to help the poor boy. 我们将尽力帮助这些穷苦的孩子们。
I will give the dictionary to whoever needs it .我将把这本字典送给需要它的人。
最终答案:略