英语翻译1.Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance

英语翻译
1.Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor.He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England.
"One man draws out the wire,another strengthens it,a third cuts it,a fourth points it,and a fifth gives it a head.Just to make the head requires two or three different operations.The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations,which in some factories are all performed by different people,though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.
Ten men,Smith said,in this way,turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4800 pins a worker.( But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor,they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.Fewer people can make more pins.Adam Smith saw this,but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still.But division of labor adds nothing new,it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
2.Ever since humans have inhabited the earth,they have made use of various forms of communication.Generally,this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech.When there is a language barrier,communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters,words and ideas.Tourists,the deaf,and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression.Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling,however,cannot.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions,either intentionally or unintentionally.A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking.A nod signifies approval,while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.
Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips),signal flags,Morse code,and smoke signals.Road maps and picture signs also guide,warn,and instruct people.While verbalization is the most common form of language,other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

亚当•斯密（国富论的作者）是第一个意识到劳动分工重要性的人,他举了在英格兰造针厂生产针的过程来证明分工的重要.
“第一个人把铁丝拉出,第二个人把它加固,第三个人切断它,第四个人负责把一头磨尖,第五个人弄出个针头,仅仅制造针头就需要2个到3个不同的操作,而制造一枚针的整个工作被分成大约需十八种不同的操作,而这些操作时在不同的工厂内由不同的人分工完成的.”
斯密说以这种方式,10个人每天能生产12磅针或者说每个人大约能制造4800根针（但是如果这些是单一或者独立操作而不是经过劳动分工的话,他们可能在一天内生产不出20根针,甚至是一根）
毫无疑问,劳动分工是一种有效的工作组织方式.用最少的劳动力制造出更多的针.亚当•斯密看到了这一点,但是他也想当然地认为劳动分工本身是经济增长和发展的主要原因并且认为劳动分工也解释了经济扩张和经济停滞不前的区别.实际上,劳动分工并没有为社会带来什么新的变化,仅仅是生产出了更多的人们本来已经有的东西而已.
2,自从人来在地球上诞生以来,他们充分地利用了各种交流方式.一般说来,思维和感情的这种表达是通过口头的形式来实现的.当出现语言障碍时,沟通是通过符号语言实现的,比如,不同的动作代表着不同的字母、词语、思想.旅行者,盲人和失聪的人不得不借助这样一种表达方式.所有这些词语中的一些符号是非常具有图像性质的同时比较精确,可以在国际上通用；尽管这样,他们的拼写方式是不同的.肢体语言是通过特定的动作,要么是通用的要么是非通用的来表达思维和观点的.皱眉可能暗示着这个聚会是个小小的玩笑；点头代表着赞成,相反,颤抖代表负面的反应.
其它的非语言交流形式可以在布莱叶盲文（Braile）中发现.再比如,信号旗、莫尔斯密码和禁止吸烟标志.道路地图和标识是人们的向导,指引和警告.
综上所述,虽然口语或者张口说话时人们最主要的交流方式,但其它系统或者技术也同样能够用来表达人类的思想和情感.