英语翻译Following the release of Card and Krueger’s study,the Em

英语翻译
Following the release of Card and Krueger’s study,the Employment Policies Institute (EmPI),a restaurant-supported lobbying and research organization,immediately began public criticism of the findings (Neumark and Wascher 2000,1,395).They recommended that payroll records collected directly from restaurants would be more accurate than the results from phone surveys.EmPI then solicited responses directly from restaurants without the use of a standardized procedure.2 Utilizing the data collected by EmPI,David Neumark of Michigan State University and William Wascher,an economist on the staff of the Federal Reserve Board,added additional data to re-evaluate the Card and Krueger results.Analysis of this combined dataset led Neumark and Wascher to reach the conclusion that the New Jersey minimum wage increase had statistically significant negative employment effects (with an elasticity of -0.21 to -0.22).
A number of questions were raised about the Neumark and Wascher results.During the time that both sets of data were collected,restaurant owners were widely aware of Card and Krueger’s findings.This allows for introduction of possible bias on behalf of the respondents.Restaurant owners opposed to minimum wages had a personal interest in overstating the impact of the minimum wage increase to skew the results in order to dissuade future minimum wage increases.Neumark and Wascher solicited responses directly from restaurants with a letter explaining that they were trying to “re-examine the New Jersey-Pennsylvania minimum wage study” (Neumark and Wascher 2000,1,395).

在卡片和Krueger 的研究以后发行, 就业政策学院(EmPI), 一个餐馆支持的游说和研究组织, 立刻开始了研究结果的公开批评(Neumark 和Wascher 2000 年, 1,395) .他们推荐, 工资单纪录直接地从餐馆被收集比结果准确的从电话调查.EmPI 然后请求了反应直接地从餐馆没有对规范化的procedure.2 的用途运用数据由EmPI 、大卫Neumark 密执安州大学和威廉Wascher, 一位经济学家收集在联邦储蓄会, 增加的另外的数据的职员复评卡片和Krueger 结果.对这联合的数据集的分析带领Neumark 和Wascher 得出结论, 新泽西最低工资增量统计地有重大消极就业作用(以弹性-0.21 到-0.22) . 一定数量的问题提出了关于Neumark 和Wascher 结果.在时间期间, 两套数据被收集了, 餐馆老板广泛意识到卡片和Krueger 的研究结果.这考虑到可能的偏心的介绍代表应答者.餐馆老板被反对最低工资有个人兴趣在夸张最低工资增量的冲击上歪曲结果为了谏阻未来最低工资增量.Neumark 和Wascher 请求了反应直接地从餐馆以信件解释, 他们尝试"再检查新泽西宾夕法尼亚最低工资研究" (Neumark 和Wascher 2000年, 1,395) .