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关于巴黎的历史、文化、习俗、地理的介绍 用英语

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关于巴黎的历史、文化、习俗、地理的介绍 用英语
History
AD 508, the Frankish kingdom capital in Paris. 10 century, Hugo Capet king built a palace here. Since then, after a two or three centuries, the masters of Paris, replaced Philip Augustus (1165-1223 years). At this point the Seine in Paris have been developed to both sides of the church, construction everywhere, becoming one of the West's political and cultural center.
In 1789, the French Revolution broke out. One of the measures, as the revolution in Paris, many names have been replaced: Louis 15 square was renamed Place de la Concorde, Notre Dame has been renamed to "rational Halls", an outstanding Gothic Church of St. Jacques has been razed, wando Armes of Louis XIV bronze statue of Henry IV bridge in Paris and elsewhere in the bronze statue of the king was overthrown. After the Revolution, Napoleon to Paris to the new extension work, the construction of the Arc de Triomphe and the Louvre Museum in Paris north and south wings, refurbishment of the Seine on both sides of river dredging and the construction of a large number of classical palace, building, apartment.
The subsequent occupation of Paris, after anti-French alliance, in July 1830 revolution, the revolution of 1848. To the Napoleon III period, the city has been a deplorable state. In 1859, Napoleon III appointed governor of a large province Seine, the Paris police chief, Baron Haussmann Giorgio jen (Baron Georges Eugène Haussmann) is responsible for large-scale urban transformation of Paris. Paris Ottoman removed the outer walls, the building of ring road, in the old town to open up many straight tree-lined avenue, and built a number of neo-classical style, square, parks, residential areas, hospitals, railway stations, libraries, schools, middle of the street, and public fountains, and sculptures, also used the Paris underground criss-cross of the old quarry to the construction of urban drainage systems. But he also removed a number of precious historical heritage and relics, the destruction of the old city of Paris, there has been historical debate.
1870 Franco-Prussian War and during the 1871 Paris Commune, Paris, once again suffered the ravages of war. The Paris Commune in the face of failure, on May 24, 1871 fire destroyed many major buildings in Paris. After Paris, have undergone a second large-scale development period. As a commemoration of the centenary of the French Revolution, and in order to meet the Paris World's Fair, in 1889 built the Eiffel Tower. To meet the 1900 World's Fair in Paris subway was built, while construction of the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais.
During World War I and World War II, Paris, have not been seriously damaged, but the German occupation during World War II. The eve of the liberation of Paris in 1944, Hitler had ordered the complete destruction of the city, but this command is not executed. August 25, 1944, Paris liberated.
4 weeks post-war Paris, to continue to develop into the 20th century, 70 years to stop the blind expansion, into the development of satellite towns. Since the late 70s, in the western suburb of Paris on the Seine (Hauts de Seine) the construction of the La Defense Central Business District (CBD). Today in Paris the French capital and the political, cultural and commercial center, continues to play an irreplaceable role.
Location
Paris is in northern France. The narrow sense includes only the original Paris, the city of Paris within the walls of the 20 districts, covering an area of 105 square kilometers, population 2.3 million. Greater Paris area also includes the distribution of the wall in Paris, around Paris, by the same company into one of the urban composition of the de-Seine,瓦勒德马恩province and Seine - Saint-Denis. Paris, these three provinces, as well as Yvelines, Val-d'Oise, Seine-et - et-Marne and Essonne together constitute the Paris region. This area in ancient times had been known as the "Ile de France" (ile-de-france).
Climate and environment
Paris is the largest city on the European continent, but also the world's most prosperous cities in the world. Is located in northern France, Seine the West Bank, from the estuary (English Channel) 375 km. Seine River meandering through the city, forming two heart River Island (de, and St. Louis). Paris, the capital of the population was 215 million (as of January 1, 2007), including urban and rural areas of the 11.49 million population in the Paris region. Ju Paris Basin, the central city itself, is a mild oceanic climate, summer and no heat, no cold winter; January average temperature 3 ℃, 7 monthly average temperature of 18 ℃, annual average temperature of 10 ℃. A balanced distribution of rainfall throughout the year, slightly more in summer and autumn, the annual average rainfall is 619 millimeters.
Environmental
Paris municipal government attaches great importance to the ecological environment construction, despite the very tight urban land, the Government was doing everything possible to increase the green space in urban communities, gardens and woods in order to improve the environmental quality of urban communities to improve people's living environment. Paris is the art are also the flowers of all. Whether in the room, balcony, courtyard, or in a store, the windows before and roadside, the flowers blooming everywhere, everywhere enchanting aroma. As for the colorful flower and decorated with flowers and parks, more often people stop to watch, Liulianwangfan.
In 1981, Paris, the city has 285 public green, with a total area of approximately 355 hectares, it is not plug 10000 Boulogne, and 1850 hectares of forests, not too small decorative green scenery, cemeteries and green roads.
From 1981 to 1999, the urban levels of government through the most difficult efforts to increase public green area of 140 hectares, a total area of up to 496 hectares, plus 10000 Boulogne, and then plug the forest area, green area of was 22.3%, the per capita green area of 13.94 square meters. Increase in green space there are large municipal parks, district parks and community parks and squares of green spaces, as well as the Seine, the canal side of parks and green spaces. Paris green is still at an annual rate of about 100 hectares continue to grow.
Paris is the first in European history the city's valuable natural assets - the effective protection of trees in the city. "Trees Report" recorded in Paris for the protection of trees decisions and actions. For example, Paris, through local laws and regulations to encourage the protection of public green areas and private green space; signed an agreement with land developers to protect trees on construction sites; for ease of management, Paris, the city has established a file for each tree and identification cards. At the same time, the city's gardens technical experts, after careful study, proposed "a comprehensive conservation control plans" in order to improve anti-pollution plants and pests and diseases, enhancing biological diversity, to achieve the balance of plant health. Now cities have very little use of pesticides, but by running ladybug to conduct biological control; soil permeability is also increased by increasing the number of earthworms.
Paris, 397 communities have parks, with a total area of 3.58 million square meters, an average of every community, there are nearly 20 parks, an area of 1.67 square meters per capita neighborhood park. A maximum of 12 district parks, 24; the park is the first of at least two areas, only 3. The smallest park is Pihet-Beslay Park, also in Area 2, only 92 square meters; 19th District, La Vilette Park, the largest, with 3.5 million square meters. Moreover, the total length of 350 km in the city streets and avenues on both sides, a total of more than 10 million trees planted trees.
Paris, the beautiful Paris, the magic of Paris, which is representative of architectural art, it is a model to protect the ancient city, it is a model of cultural environment, it is a model of ecological civilization. In Paris, the city's various communities, can be seen everywhere, museums, theaters, gardens, fountains and sculptures, and cultural environment is very good. Parisian cultural life of the rich and colorful forms of entertainment elegant, artistic atmosphere, very strong. The reason why Parisians gentle, as Zhu Ziqing in his "European Tour Miscellanies" and said: "In the past people said, 'Dynasties' helpers has been selling vegetables from smoke water vapor, Parisians who is probably a long body with 12 elegant bone it. "Parisian grace, because they are" almost like the art of breathing air, breathing air, naturally on the AGB up. "
Romantic Paris: sunset Seine in Paris, if only to visit places of interest, then only saw half of the city. Opera and Theater Arts has been deeply rooted in the French people's lives. Would like to fully experience the Parisian life, go take a look at the nightlife in Paris.
The world's best singers and ballet stars of the show in many theaters in Paris could see, you can telephone or go to ticket booking tickets. Look at performance Nanbin appropriate wear suits, women like to wear dresses. Paris, the famous theater are: Gagniere Opera (formerly the Paris Opera House), Bastille Opera, the Comedy Theater, continued to be staged Shakespeare's classic works such as the new opera Chaillot. There are mainly staged in Paris the young writer's creative drama theater.
Paris cinema showing not only France, the U.S. film, but also show in South America, Africa, Asia movies. Very safe for single women to watch. Every Monday, three discount a lot of theater tickets. Paris cinemas have their special characteristics, some of Europe's largest screen in order to have known, and some efforts to tap new directors and art films, and some to appreciate the world's most popular films.
In Paris, in addition to a dedicated theater, the in other places can also watch many small performances. Any one program, its stage scenery, costumes, performances and so on each with individuality. Performance time is usually 10 pm, 12-point two, we must advance reservation. Red windmill, Reed, wild horses and other theater distinctive. Perform folk songs, ironic venue for the French folk song hotel, folk artistes hotel humor and magic performances in jazz, rock clubs, even if the Jazz do not understand people who come here will find it very interesting, you can side with the rhythm to listen to while dancing.
Disco is not only a social, dating the main site, but also often used as a music venue and flexibility. Enjoy the crowded trendy crowd dressed, but also a great pleasure.
"Paris By night" (Night in Paris) is a Parisian understand about the English word for each. "Night in Paris" could be lit up monuments to visit, you can eat dinner meal exquisite luxury, you can go to a movie or in a coffee shop coffee; however, usually refers to the dance in the club or watch a performances. The following are some well-known places, but also a good place for sightseeing.
Cuisine
France and China may be the only country with a par food. Fine French cuisine with selection to produce elegant famous for truffles, snails, foie gras is a French dishes, accompanied by mellow wine is indeed intoxicating taste, of course, price is very expensive. Michelin three-star restaurant in Paris, the world-famous, rich celebrities, where Deal or No Deal, but also to comply with all the rules laid down by the restaurant. But the ordinary Parisians even more nostalgia unfettered outdoor cafes, street corners affordable and authentic small restaurants, more love for one day can not do without the horn bread, black coffee, or perhaps more representative of the Paris-based food personality. French people three meals a day
Breakfast: about between 7 am and 9 pm, including croissants or bread (or perhaps both both), butter, jam, beverage is usually coffee, tea or hot chocolate.
Lunch: noon to 14 points in between, it was resolved with a simple sandwich, it was also more important as the lunch meals, including an appetizer, a main course and dessert, the end, the end of a cup of coffee.
Dinner: It is the day the most formal dinner, dinner time, about 20 o'clock at night, many white-collar workers in the coffee shop after work first went to a small sit a while. For many families, dinner is the whole family together to exchange and promote feelings of opportunities.
Coffee: a cup of coffee at any time of all Parisian habits, open-air street cafes of Paris the meaning of the equivalent of the Chengdu teahouse.
Dine in a restaurant
France is a country where food is also very particular about table manners, at the senior dining restaurant has a special sense of a grand ceremony. In the street of small restaurants, cafes, and the atmosphere is much more leisurely pace should.
Most restaurants in 12 points to 15 points and 19 points to 23 points two times sales. However, in some small food store, sandwich shop, at all times during the day to find food restaurant near the train station will be open until midnight sometimes.
Dine in the restaurant, the general will first send a basket of bread, which is free of charge, the equivalent of sending Chinese restaurant appetizer. The so-called "French cuisine" is actually very little weight, appetite of those who depend on bread and fill the stomach.
A formal restaurant Restaurant: fine cuisine, expensive and luxurious environment. Was undoubtedly the most famous "Michelin three-star" by top gourmet top selected restaurants, eat a meal an average of 150 euros.
In principle, a formal dining requirements guests on the dress, but it need not be too grand. Men wear a suit and tie can be, ladies and be more relaxed requirements.
Restaurants are often very simple menu, each dish has 3-5 choices even if the lot. Price on the menu (menu price) "** Euro / person" includes only five dishes, other single product are we going to pay. When in doubt, idea, may wish to consult a member of ordering, be sure to get a very professional and considerate help. If the guest is a man and a woman, it is likely to Ms. handed there is no price on the menu - and not surprised, do as the Romans bar.
The initial high-level restaurant in France, will be seen in front of the knife and fork and a cup of countless confused, in fact, very easy to distinguish. Knife and fork in accordance with the order from the outside to inside can be used, every dish eaten to put the used knife and fork side by side within a waiter in the plate will be taken away. Cups have different purposes, the waiter will pour drinks customers had the right cup, the excess will be taken away.
In accordance with convention, generally 10-15% of the tips paid to waiters.
Deli Bistro Bistrot: Deli offers traditional, prices cheaper, and the atmosphere is more comfortable.
In the above two types of restaurant meals, even when they are not many customers are also the best in advance. This is courtesy of chef can also enjoy the more thoughtful service. In particular, would like to point this specialty store or make time-consuming dishes, say hello in advance so that there is sufficient time to prepare chefs are always correct.
Cafeteria Cafeteria: no waiters serving, self-created dishes, so you simply pay the price of vegetables do not have to pay tip.
Coffee House Cafe, the afternoon tea Salon, a small tavern Bistrot au Vin, Brasserie Brasserie: In addition to providing alcohol, coffee and beverages, but also supply some simple dishes.
Fast-food: small fast-food restaurant in Paris, prices, and generally smaller hotels than are not cheap. But believe you is not going to Paris, still recall with nostalgia the fast-food assembly line production.