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May 和 might 在一些句子中怎样区分呢?

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May 和 might 在一些句子中怎样区分呢?
may和might可以表示可能性和许可.might的语气比may较婉转.此外,may也可以接动词的完成形式,表示可能、说不定已经做某事.
【例如】
I thought it might be difficult for me to learn advanced mathematics.(可能性)
May I come in,sir?(许可)
She may have gone to the hospital.
Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we ____during the day.(CET-4 1999,1)
A) must have done
B) should have done
C) would have done
D) may have done
情态动词后面加动词完成式,有不同意义.
must have done表示一定做过某事;
should have done表示本应该做某事,含有批评的意思;
would have done主要用于虚拟语气,表示对过去的虚拟;
may have done表示可能已经作过某事.
根据句意:研究结果表明,我们每晚有两个小时做梦,不管白天可能做了什么,情态动词后表示可能性,故答案应为D.
(1)“may”表达许可
例:You may have the cake now.(现在你可以吃蛋糕了.)
例:May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)
解说 表达“许可”无“may…”与“can…”的区别:
“may…”通常表达说话者的许可.
例:You may go home now.(=I allow you to go home now.)
(你现在可以回家.=现在我准你回家.)
例:May I borrow your towel?(我可以借用你的毛巾吗?)
No,you may not.(不行,你不可以借用我的毛巾.)
“can…”表达“许可”时用法比较随便.
例:You can go home now.
本句可作如下的两种解释:
1.你现在可以回家.——我准你回家.
2.你现在可以回家.——如老师要我转告你说“你现在可以回家”,或者如既然你已把工作做完了,按规定“你现在可以回家”等.
第2.的解释法并非说话者的“许可”.换言之,“can…”可以表达第三者的“许可”,或“客观条件的许可”.例如我们看到一个男生要走进女用洗手间,我们就可以对?
That’s a lady’s toilet.You can’t go in there.
像这种场合,假定你说“You may not go in there.”并不很通顺,也会被误为你是洗手间的管理员了.
请再注意下列两句意思的区别:
例:May I smoke here?
(我可以在此吸烟吗?——请示对方的“许可”.)
例:Can I smoke here?
(这里我可以吸烟吗?——询问对方这里是否禁止吸烟.)
(2)“may”表达可能性
S + may be…= maybe S + be…
S + may + V…= maybe S + (will)+V…
例:The news may be true.
=Maybe [Perhaps] the news is true.
(或许这消息是真的.)
例:She may come to your birthday party tomorrow.
=Maybe [Perhaps] she’ll come to your birthday party tomorrow.
(或许她明天会来参加你的生日宴会.)
解说 “may…”表达“可能性”时其意思等于“maybe”或“perhaps”,即“或许;也许”.“might…”也一样可用于表达现在或将来的可能性,只是语气较为宛转或对可能性觉得较为不确定.
He might have a hand in that case.
=Maybe [Perhaps] he has a hand in that case.
(或许他涉及那个案子.)
表达可能性的“may/might…”通常不用于疑问句.可能性的疑问通常都使用“Can…?”或者“Do you think…?”,例如:
This news may be true.
Can this news be true?
Do you think this news is true?
表达过去的可能性则使用“may/might have +p.p.”的句式,例如:He might have left for the United States.(他可能已到美国去了.)
(3)“may”表达目的
句型 S+V in order that +S+may+V…
S+V-(e)d in order that +S+might+V…
例:He studies hard (in order) to get passed in the exam.
=He studies hard (in order) that he may get passed in the exam.
(为了要考试及格他努力在用功.)
例:He sold his house (in order) to pay his debt.
=He sold his house (in order) that he might pay his debt.
(为了要还债他把房子卖掉了.)
解说 如例所示表达目的时使用“to V…”比之使用“that +S+ may/might V…”较普通.“in order to V…/in order that +S+ may/might V…”是表达目的强调句式.
(4)“may”表达祈愿
句型 may you /he …+ V…
例:May you succeed.
=I hope [wish] you’ll succeed.
(祝你成功.)
例:May God save our country.
(愿上帝保佑我们的国家.)
(5)“May”的惯用表达句式
句型 may well +V…=there is good reason for +O +to V…
例:You may well say so.
=There is good reason for you to say so.
(你很有理由这么说.——难怪你这么说.)
句型 may/might as well +V…=had better +V…
例:We may [might] as well start at once.
=We had better start at once.
(我们最好立刻动身吧.)