作业帮请问什么是复合句(详细点,
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请问什么是复合句(详细点,
我就想问什么是复合句,如果主句是过去时,那从句一定是过去时吗?还是在有些时候从句是过去完成时.
我就想问什么是复合句,如果主句是过去时,那从句一定是过去时吗?还是在有些时候从句是过去完成时.
从句子结构上来说,句子有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句.简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语；一个主语和多个谓语.并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句.复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子,其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句.
一、状语从句：
状语从句 Adverbial Clause,从句用作状语称为状语从句.根据用途,状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句.
I. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示时间,常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等.
例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.
You can use my house as long as you are careful.
He is so terrible once he is drunk.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
II. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点,常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等.
例如：1) Put it where you found it.
2) Sit down wherever you like.
3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.
III. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由,常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等.
1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.
I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我将带上雨衣,以防下雨.
IV. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件,引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等.
1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
You'll be late, unless you hurry.
3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了,他会说什么?
4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.
5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨,就不要等我了.
6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩,他什么都愿意做.
V. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句表示动作的方式,回答How的问题,常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导,一般置于主语之后.
Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我说的去做.我就是照你说的去做的.
He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的.
They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事.
I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌.
VI. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念,使句子具有对比的因素.常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等,置于主语之前或后.
1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.
2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.
3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.
4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.
5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.
VII. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示结果, 常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导,置于主语之后.
She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.
The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.
He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.
They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.
We arrived early, so that we got good seats.
The weather was such that I couldn't go out.
VIII. 目的状语从句
目的状语从句表示目的,回答what for或 for what purpose的问题,常用关联词so that, in order that等引导,一般置于主语之后.目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成.
Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.
They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.
We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.
They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.
了解了状语从句,我们来看看例题讲解
1．I'll go with you as soon as I ____my work.
A.will finish B.shall finish C.finish D.finished
选C．在时间、条件状语从句中,主句可能是祈使句、一般将来时或带情态动词,从句用一般现在时.如果主句是过去将来时,从句可以用一般过去时.能够引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句的从属连接词,常见的有：when,until（directly,unless,as long as,suppose等.如：
（1）Unless he comes,we won't be able to go.
（2）Suppose it goes on raining,what shall we do?
（3）Lu Xun often said,"As long as I am alive,I shall go on studying."
2．No sooner_____the news than they rushed out into the street.
A.they heard B.they had heard C.did they hear D.had they heard
选D．no sooner…than,hardly… when,scarcely… before表示"—…就",主句一般用过去完成时（h ad+V-ed）,从句用一般过去时,如果hardly,no sooner, scarcely放句首,主谓倒装.
3．Although he is considered a great writer,____(MET'91)
A.his works are not widely read B.but his works are not widelyread
C.however his works are not widely read D.still his works arenot widely read
选A．这是一个让步状语从句,主句与从句之间有一个从属连词although(though),不能再加but,howeve r,still等,但可以和yet连用.
4．No matter how hard he worked,____（84年）
A.he could not do any better B.and he could not do any better
C.so he could do any bettes D.but he could not do any better
选A．由no matter引导的让步状语从句,其主句也不能再用but,and,so等并列连接词.
5．____he might,he failed,A.Try as B.As try C.Tried as D.As tried
选A．为了强调让步的意义,表示出非常强烈的对照,用as或though引导的让步状语从句,从句的语序要 作部分调整,即把句子受强调的表语、状语或动词原形置于从句的句首.如果表语是单数可数名词,移置句首 时,名词前不用冠词.如：
（1）Much as I like it,I will not buy it.
（2）Child as she is,she knows a lot of English.
6．Did the two boys look so much alike____no one could tell them apart?
A.and B.that C.as D.so that
选B．目的状语从句的表达："主＋谓＋that(so that,in order that)＋主＋may(might,can,could,sho uldn't等)＋谓".
7．____Mr Smith is well again,he can travel.
A.Now that B.But that C.And that D.Since that
选A．now that相当于since.表示原因状语从句的连接词常见的有because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等.
8．It was____a hundred people looked lost in it.
A.so large a room that B.so large a room
C.such large a room that D.a such large room
选A．引导结果状语从句：so＋adj(adv)＋that从句so＋adj＋a(an)＋n＋that从句such＋a(an)＋adj＋n＋that从句,表示"这样……（一个）……以至于……".
9．The harder he worked,____he felt.
A.happier B.the happier C.the happy D.the happiest
选B．the＋比较级＋主＋谓,the＋比较级＋主＋谓,意思是"越…… 越……".
二、定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有：when, where, why等
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?（whoharles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句.
5. 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.
2）that前不能有介词.
3） 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换.
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6. as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可.
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.. 在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常含有'正如'的意思.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式.
7. 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
8. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词.宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略.What只能引导名词性从句, 用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略.
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
9. 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时.
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用.
We depend on the land from that we get our food.(错)
改为：We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.
b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that.
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.
e) 先行词既有人,又有物时,只用that.
例如： All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.
1．She heard a terrible noise,____brought her heart into ber mouth.(MET'91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
选B．在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词用which不能用that.
2．He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten wiondows, most of____hadn't cleaned for at least a y ear.(MET'90)
A.these B.those C.that D.which
选D．如果选A、B、C,整个句子不符合语法要求,因为有一个"逗号",不是并列句,因此只能是一 个非限定性定语从句,在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which.
3．His parents wouldn't marry anyone____family was poor.(MET'88)
A.of whom B.whom c.of whose D.whose
选D．因为whose作family的定语.
4．Finally the thief handed in everything____he had stolen to the police.(MET'87)
A.after B.what C.whatever D.that
选D．因为A、B、C不能引导定语从句.先行词everything,关系代词that在从句中作宾语.当先行词 是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等,关系代词只能由that引导.
5．All____is needed is a supply of oil.(MET'89)
A.the thing B.that C.what C.which
选B．All作先行词,关系代词由that引导.
6．In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.（85年 ）
A.where B.who C.in which D.which
选D．question是先行词,在从句中作主语,所以应用which引导.
7．The man____talked to you just now is an engineer.（80年）
A.who B.where C.which D.what
选A．先行词是man.在从句中作主语,所以选who.
8．The word"write"has the same pronunciation____the work"right". （84年）
A.of B.as C.to D.from
选B．先行词中含有such,the same时,或先行词被such,the same修饰时, 关系代词用as引导.
9．Watch the girl and her dog____are crossing the bridge.
A.which B.who C.they D.that
选D．当先行词含有"人"和"物"时,关系代词用that.
10．This dictionary,a few pages____are missing,is of no use.
A.among which B.of which C.which D.in which
选B．dictionary是先行词,which是关系代词,a few pages of which(diciotnary).
11．You may take____book you like.
A.which B.only c.whichever D.what
选C．复合关系代词本身兼有先行词.whichever=anything that,whatever=anything that,whoever=any one who,whomever=anyone whom,whosever=anyone whose.
12．This is the best dictionary____I've ever bought.
A.with which B.that C.which D.when
选B．先行词是dictionary,因为先行词前有最高级、序数词、only,very,any 等修饰时,关系代词用tha t.
13．I still remember the day____I first came to Beijing.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
选C．先行词the day,在定语从句中作状语,所以选when.当先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,关系词选用when或where,that或which,主要取决于在定语从句中所作成份,如果作宾语,用that或which,作状语用wh en或where.
如：
（1）I still remember the days that/which we spent in the countryside.
先行词是the days,spent是及物动词,that/which作spent的宾语.
（2）This is the place where I lived three years ago.
先行词是place,lived是不及物动词,where在从句中作状语.
（3）This is the place that/which we visited three years ago.
先行词是place,visited是及物动词,that/which在从句中作宾语.
14．____,Charles Dickens was an English writetr.
A.It's knownn to all B.It's known that C.We all
一、状语从句：
状语从句 Adverbial Clause,从句用作状语称为状语从句.根据用途,状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句.
I. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示时间,常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等.
例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.
You can use my house as long as you are careful.
He is so terrible once he is drunk.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
II. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点,常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等.
例如：1) Put it where you found it.
2) Sit down wherever you like.
3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.
III. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由,常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等.
1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.
I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我将带上雨衣,以防下雨.
IV. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件,引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等.
1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
You'll be late, unless you hurry.
3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了,他会说什么?
4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.
5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨,就不要等我了.
6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩,他什么都愿意做.
V. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句表示动作的方式,回答How的问题,常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导,一般置于主语之后.
Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我说的去做.我就是照你说的去做的.
He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的.
They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事.
I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌.
VI. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念,使句子具有对比的因素.常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等,置于主语之前或后.
1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.
2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.
3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.
4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.
5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.
VII. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示结果, 常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导,置于主语之后.
She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.
The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.
He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.
They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.
We arrived early, so that we got good seats.
The weather was such that I couldn't go out.
VIII. 目的状语从句
目的状语从句表示目的,回答what for或 for what purpose的问题,常用关联词so that, in order that等引导,一般置于主语之后.目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成.
Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.
They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.
We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.
They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.
了解了状语从句,我们来看看例题讲解
1．I'll go with you as soon as I ____my work.
A.will finish B.shall finish C.finish D.finished
选C．在时间、条件状语从句中,主句可能是祈使句、一般将来时或带情态动词,从句用一般现在时.如果主句是过去将来时,从句可以用一般过去时.能够引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句的从属连接词,常见的有：when,until（directly,unless,as long as,suppose等.如：
（1）Unless he comes,we won't be able to go.
（2）Suppose it goes on raining,what shall we do?
（3）Lu Xun often said,"As long as I am alive,I shall go on studying."
2．No sooner_____the news than they rushed out into the street.
A.they heard B.they had heard C.did they hear D.had they heard
选D．no sooner…than,hardly… when,scarcely… before表示"—…就",主句一般用过去完成时（h ad+V-ed）,从句用一般过去时,如果hardly,no sooner, scarcely放句首,主谓倒装.
3．Although he is considered a great writer,____(MET'91)
A.his works are not widely read B.but his works are not widelyread
C.however his works are not widely read D.still his works arenot widely read
选A．这是一个让步状语从句,主句与从句之间有一个从属连词although(though),不能再加but,howeve r,still等,但可以和yet连用.
4．No matter how hard he worked,____（84年）
A.he could not do any better B.and he could not do any better
C.so he could do any bettes D.but he could not do any better
选A．由no matter引导的让步状语从句,其主句也不能再用but,and,so等并列连接词.
5．____he might,he failed,A.Try as B.As try C.Tried as D.As tried
选A．为了强调让步的意义,表示出非常强烈的对照,用as或though引导的让步状语从句,从句的语序要 作部分调整,即把句子受强调的表语、状语或动词原形置于从句的句首.如果表语是单数可数名词,移置句首 时,名词前不用冠词.如：
（1）Much as I like it,I will not buy it.
（2）Child as she is,she knows a lot of English.
6．Did the two boys look so much alike____no one could tell them apart?
A.and B.that C.as D.so that
选B．目的状语从句的表达："主＋谓＋that(so that,in order that)＋主＋may(might,can,could,sho uldn't等)＋谓".
7．____Mr Smith is well again,he can travel.
A.Now that B.But that C.And that D.Since that
选A．now that相当于since.表示原因状语从句的连接词常见的有because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等.
8．It was____a hundred people looked lost in it.
A.so large a room that B.so large a room
C.such large a room that D.a such large room
选A．引导结果状语从句：so＋adj(adv)＋that从句so＋adj＋a(an)＋n＋that从句such＋a(an)＋adj＋n＋that从句,表示"这样……（一个）……以至于……".
9．The harder he worked,____he felt.
A.happier B.the happier C.the happy D.the happiest
选B．the＋比较级＋主＋谓,the＋比较级＋主＋谓,意思是"越…… 越……".
二、定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有：when, where, why等
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?（whoharles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句.
5. 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.
2）that前不能有介词.
3） 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换.
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6. as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可.
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.. 在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常含有'正如'的意思.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式.
7. 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
8. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词.宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略.What只能引导名词性从句, 用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略.
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
9. 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时.
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用.
We depend on the land from that we get our food.(错)
改为：We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.
b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that.
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.
e) 先行词既有人,又有物时,只用that.
例如： All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.
1．She heard a terrible noise,____brought her heart into ber mouth.(MET'91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
选B．在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词用which不能用that.
2．He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten wiondows, most of____hadn't cleaned for at least a y ear.(MET'90)
A.these B.those C.that D.which
选D．如果选A、B、C,整个句子不符合语法要求,因为有一个"逗号",不是并列句,因此只能是一 个非限定性定语从句,在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which.
3．His parents wouldn't marry anyone____family was poor.(MET'88)
A.of whom B.whom c.of whose D.whose
选D．因为whose作family的定语.
4．Finally the thief handed in everything____he had stolen to the police.(MET'87)
A.after B.what C.whatever D.that
选D．因为A、B、C不能引导定语从句.先行词everything,关系代词that在从句中作宾语.当先行词 是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等,关系代词只能由that引导.
5．All____is needed is a supply of oil.(MET'89)
A.the thing B.that C.what C.which
选B．All作先行词,关系代词由that引导.
6．In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.（85年 ）
A.where B.who C.in which D.which
选D．question是先行词,在从句中作主语,所以应用which引导.
7．The man____talked to you just now is an engineer.（80年）
A.who B.where C.which D.what
选A．先行词是man.在从句中作主语,所以选who.
8．The word"write"has the same pronunciation____the work"right". （84年）
A.of B.as C.to D.from
选B．先行词中含有such,the same时,或先行词被such,the same修饰时, 关系代词用as引导.
9．Watch the girl and her dog____are crossing the bridge.
A.which B.who C.they D.that
选D．当先行词含有"人"和"物"时,关系代词用that.
10．This dictionary,a few pages____are missing,is of no use.
A.among which B.of which C.which D.in which
选B．dictionary是先行词,which是关系代词,a few pages of which(diciotnary).
11．You may take____book you like.
A.which B.only c.whichever D.what
选C．复合关系代词本身兼有先行词.whichever=anything that,whatever=anything that,whoever=any one who,whomever=anyone whom,whosever=anyone whose.
12．This is the best dictionary____I've ever bought.
A.with which B.that C.which D.when
选B．先行词是dictionary,因为先行词前有最高级、序数词、only,very,any 等修饰时,关系代词用tha t.
13．I still remember the day____I first came to Beijing.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
选C．先行词the day,在定语从句中作状语,所以选when.当先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,关系词选用when或where,that或which,主要取决于在定语从句中所作成份,如果作宾语,用that或which,作状语用wh en或where.
如：
（1）I still remember the days that/which we spent in the countryside.
先行词是the days,spent是及物动词,that/which作spent的宾语.
（2）This is the place where I lived three years ago.
先行词是place,lived是不及物动词,where在从句中作状语.
（3）This is the place that/which we visited three years ago.
先行词是place,visited是及物动词,that/which在从句中作宾语.
14．____,Charles Dickens was an English writetr.
A.It's knownn to all B.It's known that C.We all