英语翻译The last two articles in the special issue,by Spielman,G

英语翻译
The last two articles in the special issue,by Spielman,Golembeski,Northridge,Vaughan,Swaner,Jean-Louis et al.and Matthew and McDonald,build bridges to planning problems beyond the built environment/physical activity nexus.The first of these reports on an evaluation study of the Harlem Children's Zone Asthma Initiative.That initiative brings together a large number of stakeholders,including universities,city government,and the private sector,as part of an ambitious intervention program to reduce childhood asthma in one neighborhood in New York City.The article touches on links between the housing stock,education,program implementation,and health in highly urbanized settings.Asthma rates in the Harlem Children's Zone are shocking.The authors report that before the intervention,23.5% of parents surveyed stated that their child missed school during the previous 2 weeks due to asthma.After a year in the program,this dropped to 6.7%,indicating the success of the intervention.
Matthew and McDonald offer a less sanguine perspective on a different topic.These authors assess the threat that infectious diseases pose to urban security,noting that the rise in antibiotic-resistant strains of disease organisms,the potential for rapid transmission of diseases across the globe,and the reality of terrorism combine to create particular challenges in urban areas.They further argue that cities are,in many respects,inadequately prepared for major disease events.Sophisticated reporting requirements burden understaffed health care systems,and emergency responses are poorly coordinated.They recommend paying particular attention to six policy areas:early warning systems,resource management,logistics,cooperation,command,and communication.
Planners can contribute in each area.Planning can contribute to traditional disaster response,but also by taking advantage of planning data and information systems to understand,for example,infrastructure capacity,and vulnerabilities created by particular land uses and communication modes.Coordination and strategic planning elements can also benefit from planners' skills.
Overall,the opportunities the new interest in health presents for planning are exciting.New,funded,empirical research is yielding fruit,as the pages of this special issue illustrate.Looking forward,planners should continue to study not only health outcomes,but planning outcomes as well.For over 100 years,planning has maintained a consistent focus on the quality of communities,and this is among its special strengths.The growing partnership with health brings the promise of invigorating planning's ability to understand and enhance the vitality of both places and their people.

在特刊中的最后两篇论文,（一大堆人名）,将规划问题与环境/物理活动联系到了一起.第一份报告的内容是黑人幼儿居住区的评估研究.该提案将大量持股人笼络到一起,而后打算减轻纽约市的儿童患哮喘的概率.论文谈到了住宅、教育、正测执行以及高度发达城市的居民健康之间的关系.黑人幼儿居住区的哮喘发病率高的惊人.报告作者声称,在介入之前有23.5%的儿童由于哮喘而辍学,但是介入之后这一比例下降到6.7%,说明介入效果明显.
Matthew和McDonald研究了另外一个不是那么敏感的话题.他们评估了传染性疾病对城市安全的危害,发现病毒对抗生素的抵抗能力加强、全球范围的病毒传播以及空不注意（和谐）,对城市安全产生了特殊的挑战.他们进一步宣称城市对于主要疾病经常是准备不足.（他们抱怨城市）对疾病的报导不够透明并且缺少必要应急措施.他们建议对六个正测方向加以重视：预警系统、资源管理、后勤、合作、指挥和交流.
计划者可以在任何方面贡献力量.虽然计划有利于传统疾病响应,但同样需要通过计划数据和信息系统才能被人理解.例如,基础设施的接收力、特殊土地使用以及交流方式所产生的弱点.协作程度以及战略计划水平与计划者的技术有关.
总的来说,通过计划来提高健康水平的机会还是存在的.就像本特刊举例说明的一样,新的、得到资助的实验研究成果显著.接下来,计划者在关注健康结果的同时,也同时应该注意计划结果（不懂）.最近一百余年来,规划一直与社区身份相关,这也给了规划以强大的执行力.由于有越来越多的计划者从事到健康的研究上来,人们对 地方以及当地居民的 理解也加强了（最后一段翻译的很垃圾）.