英语翻译WHY MNEs? OLI (Ownership,Location,Internalisatio

英语翻译
WHY MNEs?
 OLI (Ownership,Location,Internalisation advantages)
 OLI framework:
 The OLI framework identifies 3 sources of advantage which are pre-conditions for firms to engage in international production.
 (a) Ownership advantage
 These are firm-specific competitive advantages (tangible and intangible) which an MNE possesses over local firms in serving particular markets.These include unique assets relating to:
 Technological know how
 Marketing expertise
 Managerial skills
 (b) Location-specific advantages
 An MNE must combine its ownership advantage with host-country (location) advantages to engage in international production.
 Some of the location-specific advantages include natural resources (e.g.oil & other mineral resources),inputs (e.g.inexpensive but highly skilled labour) and services originating from outside its MNE’s home country.
 (c) Internalisation theory 内部化理论
 Market imperfections do increase the cost of arms-length transactions.It is more profitable for an MNE to exploit its ownership and location advantages through ‘internalisation’ rather than arms-length transactions.
 For example,obstacles to free trade (e.g.tariffs,quotas) could discourage trade and encourage FDI ('tariff jumping' FDI).
 Internalisation through FDI allows firms to minimise transactions costs.However,if the costs of using arms-length markets are low,then some form of arms-length arrangement (e.g.exporting,licensing,leasing,franchising,JV) would result.
 The OLI framework provides explanation for MNEs – in particular why FDI is more efficient than exporting!
 But in addition to possessing the OLI advantages,a firm must possess the financial resources to establish and maintain its international activities.It must also possess the strategic vision and motivation to take advantage of global market opportunities,dependent upon the firm’s corporate culture and attitude to risk.

为什么是跨国公司?
OLI（所有权优势,区位优势,内部优势).
OLI框架（架构）.
OLI架构确认了3个方面的优势作为公司从事国际化生产的先决条件.
(a)所有权优势
在提供特定的市场服务中,国际化企业（外企）拥有胜过当地企业特定的竞争优势(有形、无形的）.这些包括独特的资产有关.
技术知识
营销专长.
管理技巧
(b)显著的区位优势
外资企业必须把它的所有权的优势同东道主国家(地理上)的优势加以利用来从事国际生产.
一些显著的地理位置优势包括自然资源(如石油和其他矿物资源),输入(如便宜但高度熟练的劳动力)以及源自外资企业所在地外的服务.

(c)内部化理论
不完善的市场会导致企业内部的交易成本增加.对于外企来说,通过“内部化”（理论）开发利用其所有权优势和区位优势相对于改善交易成本来说营利性更强.
例如,自由贸易障碍(如关税、配额)可能阻碍贸易进行和潜在的对外投资（"关税激增").
内部化通过对外投资能够使公司的交易成本最小化.然而,如果投资企业内部的市场成本较低,那么某种形式的企业内部设置(如出口、许可、租赁、特许经营、合资)将会有效.
在OLI框架为跨国企业提供了指导与解释,特别是在对外投资对于出口更有效的方面!
但是除了拥有OLI优势,公司还必须具备金融资源来建立并维持其国际化商业活动.它还必须具有战略眼光和动机,依靠公司的企业文化和敢于冒险的态度充分利用全球化市场的机会.
PS:终于翻译完了,希望我的回答能够帮到你~~