高分子专业英文翻译INTRODUCTION Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid

高分子专业英文翻译
INTRODUCTION
Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acids are water-soluble, multi-functional polyelectrolytes exhibiting a variety of solution properties useful in laundry and dishwash detergent compositions. These polyacrylates contain anywhere from 10 to upwards of 4000 repeating monomer units having the structural formula: -CHz'CH(COO )-. Historically, the use of sodium polyacrylates as thickeners and builders in synthetic detergents has been suggested (1) as early as in 1949. At about the same time, Edelson and Fuoss, (2,3) used sodium polyacrylates as model compounds in their basic studies illustrating the fundamental differences between such polyelectrolytes and simple electrolytes as sodium bromide. However, large scale commercial use of sodium polyacrylates in synthetic detergent compositions probably did not come into effect until almost two decades later, as is evident from recently published reviews (4,5) on patents
literature. In spite of this growing industrial use of polyacrylates in both commercial and institutional cleaner products, the published literature on the diverse functional benefits they confirm upon the end-use performance of a compounded detergent product is, at best, scanty (6-9). This paper describes a number of experimental studies carried out to identify the multi-functional benefits of these specialty detergent additives under simulated detergent-use conditions, and the likely role played by polyacrylates in basic detergency mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
Materials
Polyacrylic acids used in this study were selected from the range of commercial (BF Goodrich Chemical) materials, whose analytical characteristics are shown in Table I. These were converted to their corresponding sodium salts by neutralization with sodium hydroxide to pH 10.5 andwere used without further purification. Polyacrylate concentrations given in this report are on dry polymer basis. Details on other materials and reagents are given under appropriate experimental procedures described below.
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引言
聚丙烯酸的碱金属盐类是水溶性的,而具有多种溶解性能的多功能高分子电解质是各种清洗剂的有效成分.这些聚丙烯酸酯含有10~4000个分子式为-CHz'CH(COO )-.的结构单元.
聚丙烯酸钠早在1949年就被用作合成洗涤剂的增稠剂及增强剂.几乎在同一时间,Edelson 和 Fuoss在他们对于聚合物电解质及简单电解质（如溴化钠）根本性区别的基础研究中,将聚丙烯酸钠用作模板化合物.
然而,最近出版的专利文献综述明确指出,聚丙烯酸钠被大规模地应用于合成洗涤剂的商业生产,却是在二十几年之后.
虽然聚丙烯酸酯在商业和学术研究上的应用越来越广,有关于聚丙烯酸酯在提高合成洗涤剂使用性能方面作用的文献却很少.
这篇论文在模拟的洗涤条件下,对于确定这些特殊洗涤剂添加剂的多方面性能所出了一系列研究,同时还研究了聚丙烯酸酯对于洗涤机理可能起到的作用.
实验步骤
实验材料
研究中所使用的聚丙烯酸来源于商业材料（由古德里奇化学品公司提供）,聚丙烯酸的性质如表1所示.聚丙烯酸钠由聚丙烯酸和氢氧化钠发生中和反应制备,收集pH为10.5的反应产物,产物没有进行进一步的提纯.
在这篇报告中使用的聚丙烯酸酯浓聚物是附着在干燥的高分子基质上的.其他材料和反应物的具体信息会在以后的实验步骤中给出.
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