独立主格和with 的复合结构

独立主格和with 的复合结构

不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂,不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚,现将
一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下.with结构也称为with复合结构,首先要与介词with的用法区别开来.先让我们全面了解介词with的用法.
一、介词with的用法
with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于.” 等21种词义.
1. the company of; accompanying:和,陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边,同…在一起：stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起,与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着,带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式：performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演；热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责,照料：left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾
7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计：if it``s all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持,赞同：I``m with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用：通过…的方式或媒介：eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管：
With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验,她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向：sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆；顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时：gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于,对于：We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定,我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比；与…对照：a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到,获得：With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后,他离开了.我逃跑时只受了一些擦伤16. And; plus:和；加上：
My books, with my brother``s, make a sizable library. 我的书加上的弟弟的书能够办成一个不小的图书馆了.17. Inclusive of; including:包括：It comes to $29.95 with postage and handling.包括邮资和手续费总共是29.95美元18. In opposition to; against:反对；对抗：wrestling with an opponent.与对手摔跤19. As a result or consequence of:结果,后果：trembling with fear; sick with the flu.害怕的发抖；感染了流行性感冒20. So as to be free of or separated from:分离,离开：为脱离,为与…分开：parted with her husband.与她丈夫分手21. In the course of:在…的过程中：We grow older with the hours.我们随时光流逝而长大
二、with复合结构
with复合结构是由with+复合宾语组成,常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形：1 with + 名词 (或代词) + 现在分词,此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系.例如:With prices going up so fast, we can``t afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品.（原因状语）With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫.（伴随情况）2 with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词,此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系.例如:I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板.（伴随情况）She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家.（原因状语）
3 with + 名词 (或代词) + 动词不定式,此时,不定式表示将发生的动作.例如:With no one to talk to, John felt miserable. 由于没人可以说话的人,约翰感到很悲哀.（原因状语）With a lot of work to do, he wasn``t allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出.（原因状语）
4 with + 名词 (或代词) + 形容词I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.（伴随情况）With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it``ll rain presently. 大气这样闷,十之八九要下雨.（原因状语）5 with + 名词 (或代词) + 介词短语With the children at school, we can``t take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假.（原因状语）The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.（行为方式）6 with + 名词 (或代词) + 副词He fell asleep with the light on. 他睡着了,灯还亮着.（伴随情况）The boy stood there with his head down. 这个男孩低头站在那儿.（伴随情况）
请见下面的高考试题中出现的几个相关句子：1 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
2 And thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
3 With nothing to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. 4 With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.