英语翻译刚一段,谢谢那位同学,真的是太感激了,因为太长,一次贴不上来,只好分几次.澳大利亚英语的特点1.语音:除了具有基

英语翻译
刚一段,谢谢那位同学,真的是太感激了,因为太长,一次贴不上来,只好分几次.
澳大利亚英语的特点
1.语音:除了具有基本的语音模式之外,澳大利亚英语也有自己特殊的发音规则
如前文而言,英国的Cockney方言发音规律成为澳大利亚英语发音的基础,以后在其发展进程中,英国其他地区方言的发音也都被这一规律所同化.除此以外,在和当地土著居民长期接触及与各民族融合的过程中,澳大利亚英语的发音也产生了一定的变化.语言学家Bernard(1970)和Cox (1996)通过研究澳大利亚人的发音,得出如下结论:澳大利亚英语中元音发音的位置既代表了年轻一代澳大利亚人的发音习惯,也代表了当前澳大利亚人口语表达的模式.
具体地说,当代澳大利亚英语中元音的发音有趋前和趋高的现象.除了这一音素发音的特点之外,澳大利亚人在口语交际中,出现连接言语过程（Connected Speech Processes,CSPs）,即连读中出现如同化、删减、元音弱化和辅音变化等发音现象的情况也相当普遍.这些发音现象主要出现在快速说话或随意交谈中,因此也叫“快读规则”“随意性言语规则”.如将it's alright发成/sorait/等.
2.词汇:澳大利亚英语词汇中包含了许多反映澳洲特点的词语及用法
澳大利亚英语中包含很多当地人们在日常生活中比较随便的用法,如将“澳洲人”说成Aussies;将塔斯马尼亚人称作Tassies等.
另外,澳大利亚英语中还包括一些当地特有的事物,如bush,kangaroo,kuola等以及土著人的语言,如地名Geelong,Parramatta等.
Baker（1966）将澳大利亚英语中各种来源的词语分成不同种类加以研究,这包括早期囚犯语言;下层社会及黑社会语言;一战时期参战士兵的语言;城市市民和青少年的语言;表示当地地理、气候、动植物等的语言;土著及pidgin语言和各地移民带来的语言等.
澳大利亚英语因此包融了丰富而有特色的词汇,反映了澳洲人在新环境下应用英语的一些特点.如在澳大利亚英语中,烧烤是barbie（在美国英语中叫BBQ）,加油站叫servo,打招呼用G’Day,美国人被叫做seppo,英国人是pom或pommy.
除此以外,各种行话（jargon）、土话（vulgarism）和俚语（slang）也成了澳大利亚英语独特的标志.常见的有ankle biter(小孩、小不点儿）;Bikki（饼干)等.
3.句法:除偏爱个别表达方式之外,澳大利亚英语在句法上没有突出的特点
Newbrook(2001)引用Trudgill (1986)的结论说,与其他种类的英语相比,澳大利亚英语在句法层次上并没有什么突出的特点,这是因为欧洲人在澳洲定居的时间相对较短,而且在一开始时各种语言和方言之间就互相融合和影响.不过,他也注意到,有些用法在澳大利亚英语中比在其他英语国家中更普遍,如下面三种说法中,第一种在澳洲英语里比较流行.
(1) She usedn't to do it.
(2) She didn't used to do it.
(3) She didn't use to do it.
虽然句子间的区别并不明显,但是澳大利亚英语还是有一些被人们认为是“规范”的用法,至于这些规范用法的特点和区域性则有待进一步研究.

The characteristics of Australian English
1.Voice:In addition to the basic speech patterns,the Australian English has its own special pronunciation rules
As noted,the British Cockney dialect pronunciation of the law as the basis for Australian English pronunciation later in their development process,the British pronunciation of dialects other regions are also assimilated by this law.In addition,in the long-term exposure and the local indigenous peoples and with the process of integration of all ethnic groups,the Australian English pronunciation also produced some changes.Linguist Bernard (1970) and Cox (1996) by studying the Australian pronunciation,draw the following conclusions:Australian English vowel sounds in the location of both the representatives of the younger generation of Australian pronunciation habits,speaking also on behalf of the current Australian expression pattern.
Specifically,the contemporary Australian English vowel sounds are approached and trends in high-phenomenon.In addition to this phoneme pronunciation features,the Australians in oral communication,there appeared to connect the process of speech (Connected Speech Processes,CSPs),which appears as the assimilation of Lian Du,deletes,changes in vowels and consonants pronounced weakening phenomena situation is quite common.The sound is predominantly a phenomenon in the fast-talk or casual conversation,it is also called "fast reading of the Rules," "arbitrary language rules." It's alright if the hair into the / sorait / and so on.
2.Vocabulary:Australian English vocabulary contains many words to reflect the characteristics and usage in Australia
Australian English contains a lot of local people in their daily lives more casual usage,such as the "Australian" as Aussies; the Tasmanians call Tassies so.
In addition,Australian English also includes a number of local-specific things,such as the bush,kangaroo,kuola etc.,and indigenous languages,such as the names Geelong,Parramatta and so on.
Baker (1966) to Australian English in a variety of sources to study the words into different categories,which include early prisoner languages; the lower social and triad language; a World War I soldiers in the language of war; urban citizens and youth language; that geographical ,climate,flora and fauna,etc.languages; indigenous and pidgin language and immigrants from all over to bring the language.
Australian English,therefore a wealth of financial package and characteristic vocabulary,reflecting the Australians in the new environment some of the features of English.Such as in Australian English,the barbecue is a barbie (in U.S.English is called BBQ),gas station called the servo,greeted by G'Day,Americans are called seppo,Britons pom or pommy.
In addition,all kinds of jargon (jargon),dialect (vulgarism) and slang (slang) has become a unique symbol of Australian English.Common are ankle biter (kids,little man); Bikki (biscuits) and so on.
3.Syntax:In addition to a preference for individual expression,the Australian English in syntax there is no prominent feature of
Newbrook (2001) reference to Trudgill (1986) concluded that compared with other types of English,Australian English in the syntactic level,and there is no outstanding features,this is because the Europeans settled in Australia in a relatively short period of time,but also in the beginning of a variety of languages and dialects with each other between the integration and impact.However,he also noted that some use of English in Australia than in other English-speaking countries are more common,such as the following three kinds of argument,the first English in Australia where more popular.
(1) She usedn't to do it.
(2) She didn't used to do it.
(3) She didn't use to do it.
Although the distinction between a sentence is not obvious,but there are still a number of Australian English is seen as a "norm" usage,as usage of these norms and regional characteristics has yet to be studied further.