英语翻译The "Bystander Apathy Effect" was first studied by resea

英语翻译
The "Bystander Apathy Effect" was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored — and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs — the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period).With regard to helping those in difficulty generally,they found that;
(1)women are helped more than men;
(2)men help more than women;
(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area,whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault,and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham,Professor of University College,London,there are three reasons why wo tend to stand by doing nothing;
(1)"Shifting of responsibility" — the more people there are,the less likely help is to be given.Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help,so that the more "other people" there are,the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
(2)"Fear of making a mistake" — situations are often not clear.People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke,so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
(3)"Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you,and the person is violent."
Laurie Taylor,Professor of Sociology at London University,says:"In the experiments I've seen on intervention,much depends on the neighborhood or setting.There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break.We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening,while in a footbal match,people get involved,and a fight would easily follow."
Psychotherapist Alan Dupty identifies the importance of the individuals:"The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening,but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene,regardless of their own safety,These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals."

1 ） “转移责任” -在有更多的人,越有可能帮助将given.Each人借口自己的思维将帮助别人,使更多的“其他人”是有更大的总转移的责任. （ 2 ） “害怕犯错” -的情况往往不clear.People认为,那些参与事件可能相互了解,也可以是一个笑话,所以害怕尴尬让他们保持自己本身. （ 3 ） “恐惧的后果,如果是开启的注意你,是暴力的人. ” 劳丽泰勒的社会学教授,伦敦大学,说： “在实验中我所见过的干预,很大程度上取决于社区或setting.There是一个沉默的公共交通是很难break.We是尴尬提请注意对正在发生的东西,而在足球比赛中,人民参与和斗争将轻松. “ 心理治疗师阿兰Dupty确定的重要性,个人： “英国作为一个整体,具有一些困难干预,但也有例外的个人在每一个组谁是准备进行干预,而不论其自身的安全,这些人将是一个强有力的道德准则或宗教的理想. “