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现在完成时和过去式有什么区别?怎样理解现在完成时对现在的影响,这个影响是不是随便一个理由都行?

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/17 06:12:32
现在完成时和过去式有什么区别?怎样理解现在完成时对现在的影响,这个影响是不是随便一个理由都行?
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作.说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在”产生的影响.如:
He visited Guilin in 1998.
他1998年参观过桂林.(只说明去桂林的时间)
2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果.不与确定的过去时间状语连用.如:
Jill has bought a new computer.
吉尔买了一台新电脑.(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)
3. 两种时态的区分
(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”.
(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用.
看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别?
① Have you seen the film?(A)
Did you see the film?(B)
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗?(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容.
② How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[说明]他是怎么做的这件事?(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;(B)句单纯的
询问做这件事的方式.
③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)
过去式 = 时间点只在过去 (time of the action is known, 知道何时发生)
现在完成= 时间点从过去到现在 (time of the action is unknow, 不知道什么时候发生)
过去式: TVXQ released their first single "HUG" in 2002.
东方神起在2002年发表了他们的第一张单曲
(他们现在可能已经发表了第三,第四张单曲了,纯粹是想表达他们在2002年发表第一张单曲,跟现在没有任何关系)
现在完成式: TVXQ have released their first single "HUG"
(他们发表了第一张单曲,他们现在在为单曲宣传,开签唱会,上电台,上节目,还在为这张单曲尽心尽力)

其实要理解语法还是用人家本国的语言理解比较好,很简单很明了,汉语有太多歧义的地方,并且英文的解释一般很好理解,并没有难懂的单词.
定义:We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and still have some connection with the present.(其实就是上面说的那个意思)
用法:1. Actions which started in the past and are still continuing
eg:He has lived in Canada for five years.
(He started living in Canada five years ago, and he's still living there now.)
2. Actions which happened at some unknown time in the past
eg:I've already seen that film. I don't want to see it again.
(It doesn't matter when I saw it.)
3. Actions which happened in the past, but have an effect in the present
eg:I've lost my keys.
(I don't have the keys. They are still missing.)