英语翻译Ⅲ.东西方动物名词古老与传统1.东方的韵味a.“集美”的麒麟所谓“集美”,通俗地说是将一切美好的东西集中在一个事

英语翻译
Ⅲ.东西方动物名词古老与传统
1.东方的韵味
a.“集美”的麒麟
所谓“集美”,通俗地说是将一切美好的东西集中在一个事物上的一种表现.这种理念一直是几千年来中国人精神世界和物质世界所追求实现的目标和愿望.麒麟,是按中国人的思维方式复合构思所产生、创造的动物.从其外部形状上看,麋身,牛尾,马蹄,鱼鳞皮.这种造型是将许多实有动物肢解后的新合拼体,它把那些备受人们珍爱的动物所具备的优点全部集中在麒麟这一幻想中的神兽的建构上,充分体现了中国人的“集美”思想.因而,麒麟所选择的鹿、牛、马、鱼等吉祥动物进行组合是有一定的道理的.
鹿崇拜在中国属于原始动物崇拜,并在古代一种帝王的象征,同时,还被纳入神学政治的范畴之中.在养驯鹿的鄂伦春、鄂温克族和打猎的赫哲人中,鹿常常是萨满巫师的神灵,并以为萨满常化成鹿形出现,甚至于萨满巫术中都坚信萨满的真魂可以化为鹿身斗法,鹿胜则萨满胜,鹿死则萨满生命也终结.在民间,鹿还以长寿仙兽的形象出现,在多种场合用以表达祝寿、祈寿的主题.此外,鹿还与“禄”谐音,象征福气、奉禄.
牛,在上古时期就走向祭坛,成为祭祀活动不可缺少的神圣物.民间传说牛是来到人间帮助人类的天上神灵,其在田野默默耕耘,给人类带来了物质的财富,而且它身上所体现的奉献精神,也给人类以精神的财富.牛崇拜在中国各族民间都很普遍,在西北各地有公牛崇拜,在南方多水牛崇拜.
马,被认为是聪明、忠诚、勇敢而耐劳的动物,具有高贵、飘逸、优雅的气质,《易经》中将马象征天.马崇拜多流行于中国北方游牧民族与游猎民族中,他们以马为主要乘运动力.清代文献中多有祭马神礼仪和修建马冲庙的记述.
鱼,作为一类水生动物的总称,其身上的鳞皮被珍视为吉祥、美丽的装饰,“鱼鳞锦”,就是传统的吉祥纹样.鱼崇拜一直在中国汉族、满族、藏族、蒙古族、白族、哈尼族、僳僳族等民族广泛流传,许多神话中都有说大地是驮在巨大的鱼背上的故事传颂.在湖南马王堆出土的汉墓帛画上的世界图像,也把人间大地放在两条巨大的鱼之上.鱼又与“余”谐音,成为生活富足、美满的象征.
麒麟,是上古中国人最企望出现的吉祥动物,它们的出现表示一代的幸福.当上古时代的这种信仰被传承下来的同时,麒麟所具有的吉祥意义也随之被广大民众公认且牢牢地存在于人们的意识之中,麒麟便成了某种意念的象征,某种意境的表现,某种力量的显示,并启发人们的想像,引导人们的精神去契合某种意念,进入一种特定的境界,给人们以希望、安慰和某种追求的力量.
b.中国功夫
中华武学,博大精深；中国拳术,亦是门类众多,渊源流长.以动物命名的拳谱有很多,如龙拳、蛇拳、虎拳、豹拳、鹤拳、螳螂拳、老鹰拳等.
相传螳螂拳是明末清初山东即墨人王朗观螳螂与蝉搏斗,因而有感所创.螳螂拳敏捷有力,长短并用,富于攻击性.而且手足齐动,窜跳迅猛,在外门功夫中算是比较另类的,正因为如此,螳螂拳攻击起来才让对方防不胜防.而猴拳虽然在国术中的确存在,但它从来没有作为一个单独的门派出现过,在民间传播的影响力方面远远不如上面几个拳种.但是,在功夫电影中,如果缺少了猴拳,恐怕也会失去不少乐趣.
总的说来,猴拳和螳螂拳一样,都是一种外家形拳.是通过模仿猿猴的跳跃、闪避、抓挠、翻腾等动作,将攻击性招术融入灵活的身法当中,近可贴身攻击,远可跳跃游走.猴拳的主要特色在于灵敏善变,出手脆快.

Ⅲ.Eastern and Western ancient and traditional animal nouns
1.Oriental charm
a."Jimei," the unicorn
The so-called "Jimei," In layman's terms is all the good things in one thing on a performance.This idea has been for thousands of years the Chinese spiritual world and the physical world to pursue goals and aspirations.Kirin is based on the Chinese way of thinking generated by complex ideas,to create animals.From its external shape point of view,moose body,oxtail,water chestnut,skin scales.This style is a lot of real animals after the dismembered body of the new merged it to the people who cherish the animals much have the advantages of all concentrated in the fantasy animal unicorn the construction,fully embodies the Chinese people "Jimei" thinking.Thus,the selected Kirin deer,cattle,horses,fish and other auspicious animals,there is a certain combination of reason.
Deer primitive animal worship is worship in China,and an ancient symbol of the emperor,while also being included in the scope of theological politics.Orogen in raising reindeer,hunting Hezhen Ewenki and people,deer are often shaman of the gods,and that the shaman often shaped into deer there,and even the Shaman witchcraft are convinced that the true spirit of the shaman can be turned into deer body battle of wits,deer wins the shaman wins,the deer is dead shaman life would end.In the private sector,but also to longevity cents deer beast to appear on many occasions to express birthday,the theme of prayer life.In addition,the deer also with "Paul" harmonics,a symbol of good fortune,Feng Lu.
Cattle,on the altar in ancient times,a festival sacred objects indispensable.Folklore cow came to earth to help human gods of heaven,in the field working hard,to bring the material wealth of mankind,and it reflected the dedication of the body,but also to human beings with spiritual wealth.Worship cattle are common in people of all ethnic groups in China,in the northwest around the bull worship,worship in the South and more buffalo.
Ma,is considered to be intelligent,loyal,brave and stamina of the animal,with a noble,elegant,elegance,"Book of Changes" will be a symbol of days of horse.Worship and more popular in Malaysia and nomadic hunting peoples in northern China,they take the sport to horses as the main force.Qing Dynasty literature,more than a ritual sacrifice of God and the construction of horse red horse temple accounts.
Fish,as a general term for a class of aquatic animals,their body skin scales and valued as a good luck,beautiful decoration,"scale Kam" is a traditional auspicious patterns.Fish worship has been in China the Han,Manchu,Tibetan,Mongolian,Bai,Hani,Lisu and other ethnic groups widespread,and many myths have said that the earth is a huge pack in the back story of the fish lips.Mawangdui in Hunan Han dynasty unearthed in the image on the world,but also to human land on top of two giant fish.Fish and with the "I" harmonics,become prosperous,happy symbol.
Kirin is the best hope for ancient Chinese auspicious animals appear,they appear well-being of that generation.When the ancient times this belief was handed down at the same time,the unicorn has the auspicious meaning that also will be recognized and firmly in the general population exists in people's consciousness,the unicorn became a symbol of some idea,some Artistic Conception,a display of power,and inspire people's imagination,and guide the spirit of the people some ideas to fit into a particular state,to the people with hope,comfort and a pursuit of power.
b.Chinese Kung Fu
Chinese martial arts and profound; Chinese martial arts,is also a large number of categories,origin a long history.Spectrum of animal named a lot of boxing,such as the Dragon Fist,Snake Fist,Tiger Fist,leopard boxing,crane boxing,mantis,eagle boxing and so on.
Legend has it Jimo,Shandong Praying Mantis is the Ming and Qing Dynasties who view mantis and cicada Wanglang fight,which felt the record.Praying Mantis strong agility,length and use,attractive.And hand-foot-Qi moving,channeling jump rapidly out the door in a relatively different type of martial arts,and as such,Mantis attacks up until the other side off guard.The Monkey While the surgery does exist in the country,but it never appeared as a separate martial art before,the spread of influence in the civil aspects of boxing is far less than the above number.However,in kung fu movies,if the missing monkey boxing,it will probably lose a lot of fun.
Overall,Monkey and Mantis,are both a form of boxing away from home.Through the imitation of the monkey jump,dodge,scratching,churn etc,and the offensive operation into a flexible shenfa move among the past can be personal attacks,walk far to jump.The main feature is sensitive Monkey fickle,crisp shot.