作业帮关于几个词的区别
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/03 09:27:25
几个词一直弄不清楚。挺复杂的。麻烦老师帮忙详细解答吧。 【1】关于when和while 有些时候我能选出来，有些时候我觉得哪个都行啊。 请老师帮忙区分，在具体语境或者是语法中的用法。 【2】关于which 和where和that 这三个词是最麻烦的了，什么做定语能不能用，做状语能不能用 逗号的，非限制性定语从句的…… 我就混了。请老师帮忙区分 谢谢
解题思路： 见解答过程
解题过程：
1when和while引导时间状语从句的区别
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
②Sorry，I was out when you called me．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while都可使用。
①When ／While we were dancing，a stranger came in．（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
②When ／While she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．（make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
3．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it．在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。
sb．had hardly（＝scarcely） done sth．when．．．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had sb．done sth．when．．．
①I had hardly ／scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
②I had hardly ／scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。
四在构成“正要做某事。。。这时”讲时用 主语+be about to do...when...句式结构，如
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
2.定语从句中that 和which的区别
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置，但that不能直接放在介词之后。如Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.（这句话中不能用that)
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，(1)当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时只用that如 That is the first composition that I've written in English.（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时只用that，如That is the best that has been used against pollution.(4)先行词中即有人也有物时只用that，如I still remembered the things and persons that he talked of yesterday.(5)先行词是the way/the time/the first time等时如,I don't like the way （that） he talks(that可以省) (6)当先行词是which时, Which of the two coes that you keep produces more milk?
4 where既是关系副词也是连词，可以引导定语从句也可以引导地点状语从句
如：This is the place where he used to live.（这是定语从句。where代替先行词the place的含义，在定语从句中做状语）
You can make a mark where you have questions.（where引导的整句话是地点状语从句，意思是你可以在有问题的地方做标志）
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
这些词的用法的确麻烦，望我的解释会给你帮助，如有疑问我们可以继续沟通。老师祝你学习进步，生活愉快。
最终答案：略
解题过程：
1when和while引导时间状语从句的区别
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
②Sorry，I was out when you called me．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while都可使用。
①When ／While we were dancing，a stranger came in．（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
②When ／While she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．（make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
3．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it．在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。
sb．had hardly（＝scarcely） done sth．when．．．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had sb．done sth．when．．．
①I had hardly ／scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
②I had hardly ／scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。
四在构成“正要做某事。。。这时”讲时用 主语+be about to do...when...句式结构，如
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
2.定语从句中that 和which的区别
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置，但that不能直接放在介词之后。如Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.（这句话中不能用that)
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，(1)当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时只用that如 That is the first composition that I've written in English.（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时只用that，如That is the best that has been used against pollution.(4)先行词中即有人也有物时只用that，如I still remembered the things and persons that he talked of yesterday.(5)先行词是the way/the time/the first time等时如,I don't like the way （that） he talks(that可以省) (6)当先行词是which时, Which of the two coes that you keep produces more milk?
4 where既是关系副词也是连词，可以引导定语从句也可以引导地点状语从句
如：This is the place where he used to live.（这是定语从句。where代替先行词the place的含义，在定语从句中做状语）
You can make a mark where you have questions.（where引导的整句话是地点状语从句，意思是你可以在有问题的地方做标志）
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
这些词的用法的确麻烦，望我的解释会给你帮助，如有疑问我们可以继续沟通。老师祝你学习进步，生活愉快。
最终答案：略