英语翻译In 1999,twelve percent of public elementary schools in t

英语翻译
In 1999,twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms.Just three years later,the amount was almost double that.
A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation,behavior and attendance rates.Academic performance was unchanged.
Some high schools in Texas have also joined in the movement.Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms.And some schools have turned away from such policies.
Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools.The school district in Long Beach,California,was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools.The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning.
Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance.But researcher Viktoria,who has looked at those findings,says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms.
She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings.The district (the area marked by government) increased punishments for misbehavior.And California passed a law to reduce class sizes.
In Florida,for example,researcher Sharon found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence.In Texas,Eloise found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms,but no effect on attendance.
Sociologist David has studied school uniform policies since1998.He collected the reports in the book.In his own study,he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚州) required uniforms.
Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning.But David and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship.In fact,he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems.
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1999,百分之十二的美国公立小学要求学生穿校服.仅仅三年之后,数量几乎翻了一番.
六大城市俄亥俄州公立学校的一项研究显示那些被要求穿着校服的学生毕业了,行为和出勤率.学术性是不变的.
德克萨斯一些高中也加入了该运动.然而研究发现要求穿制服的混合结果.有些学校已经放弃了这些政策.
支持者认为统一着装创造一个更好的学习环境和更安全的学校.在长滩,加利福尼亚地区的学校,是全国第一个要求所有小学和中学的制服.这个例子帮助公众关注校服作为处理校园暴力和提高学习的.
长滩的调查结果显示,政策导致了更少的行为问题和更好的参与.但是研究员Viktoria,看了这些数据,说他们只是受校服所带来的影响.
她说,同时采取措施改善长滩和全州学校的其他措施也可能影响穿校服的结果.自治区增加了对不良行为的惩罚.加利福尼亚通过了减少班级人数的一项法律.
在佛罗里达州,例如,研究员Sharon发现校服似乎可以改善行为和减少暴力.在德克萨斯,Eloise发现较少的纪律问题,要求穿校服的学生之间和睦相处,但不能影响出勤.
社会学家戴维自从1998年开始研究校服制度.他在书中收集的报告.
在他自己的研究中,他发现,阅读和数学的老师在宾夕法尼亚一所学校后性能下降（宾夕法尼亚州）所需的制服.
政治和社会压力可能促使学校校服用来提升提高学习.但戴维和其他人认为没有足够的证据有直接的联系.事实上,他说要求穿校服甚至会增加纪律问题.
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