英语翻译An extreme sport (also called action sport and adventure

英语翻译
An extreme sport (also called action sport and adventure sport) is a popular term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of inherent danger,and that are counter-cultural.These activities often involve speed,height,a high level of physical exertion,and highly specialized gear or spectacular stunts.
The definition of an extreme sport is not exact — for example,although studies show that (road) cycling ranks as the sport with the highest rate of injury,it is not considered an extreme sport because it is not counter-cultural.The term's origin is also unclear,but it gained popularity in the 1990s when it was picked up by marketing companies to promote the X Games.
History
The origin of the divergence of the term "extreme sports" from "sports" may date to the 1950s in the appearance of a phrase usually,but wrongly,attributed to Ernest Hemingway[10].The phrase is
"There are only three sports:bullfighting,motor racing,and mountaineering; all the rest are merely games."
The implication of the phrase was that the word "sport" defined an activity in which one might be killed.The other activities being termed "games".The phrase may have been invented by either writer Barnaby Conrad or automotive author Ken Purdy.
In recent decades the term extreme sport was further promoted by X Games,a multi-sport event created and developed by ESPN.The first X Games (known as 1995 Extreme Games) were held in Newport,Providence,Mount Snow,and Vermont in the United States.
A history of the sports was published in 2004.Amped:How Big Air,Big Dollars and a New Generation Took Sports to the Extreme.The book provided an overview of the history,culture,and business of the sports and included interviews with athletes,company owners,and marketers.

(也被称为一个极限运动的体育运动和冒险的行动)是一项很受欢迎的术语,某些活动看作是有高水平的固有的危险,这是counter-cultural.这些活动通常是包括速度、高度、高水平的体力活动,并高度专业化的齿轮或壮观的特技.
　　运动的定义是一个极端不明确——例如,尽管研究表明(路)循环名列体育运动与率最高的伤害,并不被认为是一个极端的运动因为它不是counter-cultural.这个词的起源是还不清楚,但它得到普及在20世纪90年代,当它被捡到营销公司来促进极限运动会.
　　历史
　　分歧的起源的术语“极限运动”与“体育”日期,20世纪50年代的外表中一个短语通常,但错,归因于欧内斯特·海明威[10].这个片语
　　“世界上只有三个运动:斗牛、赛车、和登山,其馀的仅仅是比赛.”
　　这个短语的含义是,“运动”这个词的定义在此项练习中,一个人可能会被杀死.其他的活动被称为“游戏”.这个短语会被发明了由任何作家义作家肯Purdy康拉德或汽车.
　　近几十年来,这个词是由极限运动的极限运动会中,进一步促进了创造和发展了一种多运动事件由ESPN.第一届极限运动会(称为1995年极端的比赛)曾被关押在新港、远见、山的雪,和佛蒙特州在美国.
　　体育运动的历史,已于2004年出版.多大Amped:空气、大美元和新一代带运动到极致.这本书提供了一个整体的历史、文化和商业的运动和包括采访运动员、公司的拥有者,行销.