英语翻译As part of this trend,specialists in nutrition and genet

英语翻译
As part of this trend,specialists in nutrition and genetics at leading universities have begun to investigate how a person’s health may be influenced by the way that food can switch particular genes on or off,or how diet can make up for some physiological deficiency caused by certain gene variants.The underlying idea is not new.A genetic test for a diet-related metabolic disorder,phenylketonuria,dates back to 1963—and the notion that food can have medicinal properties originates with Hippocrates.But the Human Genome Project has expanded the prospects for investigating links between diet and genetic predisposition to disease.Genetic analyses could well lead to truly effective personalized dietary recommendations,but that day has not yet arrived.A gene that sits at one end of chromosome 1,the longest in the human genome,illustrates both the promise of and the caveats about nutrigenetics.It encodes an enzyme called methylene hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) that initiates the breakdown of homocysteine,an amino acid that,when elevated,has been found in some studies to be tied to increased risk of heart disease or stroke.Other studies,however,have failed to find such a link.
The exact sequence of DNA code that makes up a gene can differ slightly from person to person—and one version of the gene for MTHFR produces an enzyme with relatively low activity,which leads to a buildup of homocysteine.A person with this particular form of the gene can lower homocysteine levels by consuming certain B vitamins through supplements or food and,in theory,diminish cardiovascular risk.
The research that revealed the homocysteine-elevating role of the gene variant encoding the weakly active version of MTHFR is the kind of science that might one day produce genuine diet-related personalized medicine:routine use of an MTHFR test and,for those harboring the variant,a recommendation from medical authoriInternet.

作为此种趋势的一部分,权威大学的营养学和基因学的专家开始调查一个人的健康是如何受他们所摄入的食物的影响,按照这些食物是否能转换基因的角度来看,或者从这些饮食能够弥补由于特定的基因突变所引起的生理上的缺陷来看.这些观点不是新观点.与饮食相关的代谢障碍--苯酮尿症所做的基因测试可以追溯到1963年--并且这个概念是食物可以作为药用来源于希波克拉底.但是人类的基因工程延伸到调查连接食物与基因素质的疾病.遗传分析能够提供真实有效的饮食建议,但那一天还没有到达.有一种基因位于染色体的另一端,是人类基因组中最长的,诠释着营养遗传学的誓言和变量.它编码一种酶称为甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）,这种酶启动了同型半胱氨酸的分解,一种氨基酸,当提起的时候,已经发现与心脏病或中风风险的增加有关系.然而,其他的研究还没有此项发现.
确切的DNA序列的代码组成一种基因将每个人进行区别---并且甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）产生一种相对活动性弱的酶,这种酶导致同型半胱氨酸的组成.一个人有这种特殊形式的基因能够通过消耗食物中供应的维生素B来降低同型半胱氨酸的水平,理论上说,能够减少心血管疾病的危险.研究表明同型半胱氨酸弱化甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的水平,这种科学的能够产生与饮食相关的个人医疗业的产生：日常使用甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的测试,对于那些怀有这种变量,一种医疗权威网络的推荐.