英语翻译Colony collapse disorder first struck honey bees in the

英语翻译
Colony collapse disorder first struck honey bees in the United States in late two thousand six.Over the next two years,beekeepers lost more than one-third of their honey bees.
Scientists in the United States and other countries have been working to explain the mysterious disappearances of bees.Now,a new study suggests that several viruses may act together.
A couple in Wilmington,Ohio,look over the honeycombs in their beehives last month
Scientists from the University of Illinois and the United States Department of Agriculture did the study.Their report appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The team compared bees from affected colonies with those from healthy colonies.They were looking for differences in gene expression in the guts of the bees.
The scientists found that the affected bees had a number of viruses from a group called picorna-like viruses.The infections observed in the bees included Israeli acute paralysis virus and deformed wing virus.
Tiny insects likely play a big part in spreading the viruses.Varroa mites have been causing serious problems in bee colonies in the United States since the late nineteen eighties.These mites carry picorna-like viruses.
The viruses appear to harm the bees' ability to use their genetic material to produce proteins needed to fight infections.Researcher Reed Johnson,now at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln,says the study suggests that the damaged proteins are unable to respond effectively when attacked.
University of Illinois Professor May Berenbaum says it appears that bees could deal with one or two viruses at the same time,but not three or four.
She says the picorna-like viruses "hijack" the ribosome in cells.Ribosomes are structures in which proteins are made.As a result the ribosome produces only viral proteins.
The professor says ribosome is central to the survival of any organism.If it is compromised,then the bees could not defend themselves against pesticides or fungal infections or bacteria or poor nutrition.
These have all been identified as possible causes of the collapse disorder.Spanish researchers,for example,recently said they suspected a parasitic fungus which has been found among affected bees in Spain.
Bees add billions of dollars in value to many crops worldwide.For now,beekeepers have been doing their best to try to protect their colonies.

蜂群衰竭失调首次袭击了六个2000年底在美国蜜蜂.在接下来的两年里,养蜂人失去了超过三分之一的蜜蜂的三分之一.
在美国和其他国家的科学家一直在努力解释蜜蜂神秘失踪.如今,一项新的研究表明,一些病毒可能共同采取行动.
阿州威尔明顿,俄亥俄州,夫妇对他们的蜂箱的蜂窝外观上月
来自伊利诺伊州和美国农业部大学的科学家做研究.他们的报告中出现的美国国家科学院院刊.
研究人员比较蜜蜂从殖民地与健康受影响的殖民地.他们在寻找基因表达的差异在蜜蜂的胆量.
科学家发现,受影响的蜜蜂从一个称为picorna类病毒的病毒数量.感染的观察到蜜蜂包括以色列急性麻痹病毒和变形翼病毒.
小昆虫可能在传播病毒的一大组成部分.瓦螨已造成美国蜜蜂自19世纪80年代后期严重的问题.这些螨进行picorna类病毒.
该病毒似乎对蜜蜂危害的能力利用其遗传物质产生抵抗感染所需的蛋白质.研究员里德约翰逊,现在内布拉斯加大学林肯说,这项研究表明,受损的蛋白质不能有效地应对攻击的时候.
美国伊利诺伊大学教授说,5月贝伦鲍姆看来,蜜蜂可以处理一个或两个同时病毒,但不是三个或四个.
她说,像病毒picorna,“劫持”的细胞中核糖体.核糖体的蛋白质中作出的结构.因此,只生产了核糖体病毒蛋白.
这位教授说,核糖体是至关重要的,任何生物的生存.如果它被攻破,那么蜜蜂无法抵御杀虫剂或真菌感染,细菌或营养不良自己.
这些都被确定为崩溃紊乱的可能原因.西班牙研究人员,例如,最近表示,他们怀疑寄生真菌一直是影响蜜蜂在西班牙发现.
蜜蜂增加价值数十亿美元的全球许多作物.目前,养蜂人一直尽力维护自己的殖民地.