英语翻译2．造成文化冲突现象的原因探究造成中西文化冲突现象的原因多种多样,究其根本,就是因为中西双方有着不同的文化、不同

英语翻译
2．造成文化冲突现象的原因探究
造成中西文化冲突现象的原因多种多样,究其根本,就是因为中西双方有着不同的文化、不同的历史背景,必然带来人们思想、行为等多方面的差异,甚至是冲突,下面我们就来具体看一下有哪些主要的原因.
2.1思维模式存在差异
文化会影响人们对外界事物的看法和认识,不同的国家存在不同的文化,因此在思维模式方面必然存在差异,这一点在东西文化之间表现得尤为明显.西方文化的思维模式注重逻辑和分析,而东方文化的思维模式则表现出直觉整体性,这一点也是中国传统文化思维的特征.由于这种传统文化的影响,中国人往往特别重视直觉,注重认识过程中的经验和感觉,在交往中也往往以这种经验和感觉去“以己度人”.与西方人的思维模式相比,中国人的这种思维模式具有明显的笼统性和模糊性,久而久之,会形成一种思维定势,可以解释为识别和简化对外界事物的分类感知过程.从本质上说,思维定势往往忽视个体事物的差别,夸大与另外某一社会群体相关的认知态度,常常带有感情色彩,并伴有固定的信条.在所有的定势中,有些定势是正确的,而有些则是错误的,会直接影响跨文化交际,造成交际失误.
2.2行为规范各不相同
行为规范的具体含义就是指被社会所共同接受的道德标准和行为准则,就是告诉人们该做什么和不该做什么的一种规范.不同文化背景的人们在交际时,经常出现的一个现象就是套用自身所在社会的行为规范来判定对方行为的合理性,由于双方的行为规范存在差异,常常会产生误解、不快甚至更坏的结果.比如说中国人轻拍小孩子的头部表示一种友好,而在西方国家,这是一种极不尊重小孩子的做法,父母会对此非常愤怒.所以说在跨文化交际中是否能够正确地识别和运用行为规范是保证跨文化交际顺利进行的重要因素.要保障跨文化交际的顺利进行,就必须理解对方的行为规范,尤其是什么行为是被禁止的,最好的办法就是遵循入乡随俗的原则.
2.3价值取向不同
人们的交际能力是在社会化的过程中产生的,必然与价值观念联系在一起.每一种文化都有自己特有的价值体系,这套体系能够帮助人们区分美与丑、善良与邪恶,这就是人们的处世哲学、道德标准和行为规范.但是它不能脱离具体的文化而存在,每一种文化的判断标准是不同的,这种文化认为是好的,另一种文化可能认为不好,但是它们在自己的文化体系内都有其存在的合理性,绝不可以理解为一种价值标准先进,而另一种价值标准落后.以中西文化为例,在中国文化中,人们推崇谦虚知礼,追求随遇而安,不喜欢争强好胜,同时社会风气也往往封杀过于突出的个人,正所谓“行高于众,人必非之”.在中国文化中,集体取向占据主导地位,追求个人发展被视为是一种严重的个人主义,必然会受到谴责.而西方文化则非常崇尚个人主义,“随遇而安”被看作是缺乏进取精神的表现,是懒惰、无能的同义语,为社会和个人所不取.人本位的思想根植于他们心中,人们崇尚独立思考,独立判断,依靠自己的能力去实现个人利益,并且认为个人利益至高无上.

2.The phenomenon of conflicts caused by cultural reasons Inquiry
The conflict of East and West in a variety of reasons,the study of its fundamental,it is because the two sides have different Chinese and Western cultures,different historical backgrounds,will inevitably bring about people's thinking,behavior,and many other differences and even conflicts,we have to Below What are the specific look at the main reason.
2.1 mode of thinking there are differences
Culture to the outside things affect people's views and understanding of different countries,different cultures,in the thinking pattern of inevitable differences,in this point between East and West was particularly obvious.Western culture-oriented mode of thinking and logical analysis,and the oriental culture mode of thinking show intuitive integrity,which is also China's traditional culture features of thinking.Because of this the impact of traditional culture,Chinese people are often special attention to intuition,pay attention to the process of understanding the experience and feeling,often in association with such experience and feeling,"to have Ren." And the mode of thinking compared to Westerners,Chinese people's way of thinking is obvious that the general and ambiguous,the course of time,will form a fixed pattern of thinking,can be interpreted as recognition of the outside things and simplify the classification process of perception.In essence,fixed pattern of thinking is often neglected the individual differences of things,exaggerated and the other a social group-related cognitive approach,often with emotional and with a fixed creed.In all of the set,some set is correct,while others are wrong and will have a direct impact on cross-cultural communication,resulting in communication failures.
2.2 of the code of conduct is not the same
A code of conduct for the specific meaning that is commonly accepted by the community's moral standards and codes of conduct,simple,it is to tell people what to do and not do the norm.People from different cultural backgrounds in communication,often of a phenomenon that is the host community to apply their own code of conduct to determine the reasonableness of the other acts,as the code of conduct for both sides there are differences,often misleading,offensive or even worse results.For example,the Chinese people pat his head that a child friendly,and in Western countries,this is a great lack of respect for the children,parents are very angry.So in a cross-cultural communication is able to correctly identify and apply a code of conduct is to ensure the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication of important factors.To ensure the smooth cross-cultural communication,we must understand each other's code of conduct,in particular,what conduct is prohibited,the best way is to follow the principle of do as the Romans do.
2.3 different values
People's interpersonal skills in the process of social product of an inevitable and values together.Every culture has its own unique system of values,this system can help people distinguish between Meiyu Chou,good and evil,this is the people's Life philosophy,ethical standards and code of conduct.But it can not be divorced from specific cultural existence,every culture is different from the standard of judgement,such a culture that is good,another culture may think that bad,but they are in their own cultural system has its existence Is reasonable,should not be interpreted as a standard advanced and the other values behind.To Chinese and Western cultures as an example,in Chinese culture,people respected that modest ceremony,the pursuit of Suiyueran,and do not like Zhengjianghaosheng,while the social atmosphere is often blocked too prominent individuals,are so-called "line above all,the people will not." In Chinese culture,the collective orientation of the dominant position,the pursuit of personal development was seen as a serious individualism,will be condemned.And advocating Western culture is very individualistic,"Suiyueran" be seen as a lack of entrepreneurial spirit of the performance,are lazy,incompetent synonymous,for society and individuals are not admitted.Who based their thinking is rooted in the hearts of the people advocating independent thinking and independent judgement,relying on its own ability to achieve personal interests,and that personal interests supreme.