英语翻译3.Factors Influencing Petroleum Hydrocarbon DegradationA

英语翻译
3.Factors Influencing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
A number of limiting factors have been recognized to affect the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons,many of which have been discussed by Brusseau [53].The composition and inherent biodegradability of the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant is the first and foremost important consideration when the suitability of a remediation approach is to be assessed.Among physical factors,temperature plays an important role in biodegradation of hydrocarbons by directly affecting the chemistry of the pollutants as well as affecting the physiology and diversity of the microbial flora.Atlas [54] found that at low temperatures,the viscosity of the oil increased,while the volatility of the toxic low molecular weight hydrocarbons were reduced,delaying the onset of biodegradation.
Temperature also affects the solubility of hydrocarbons [62].Although hydrocarbon biodegradation can occur over a wide range of temperatures,the rate of biodegradation generally decreases with the decreasing temperature.Figure 1 shows that highest degradation rates that generally occur in the range 30–40C in soil environments,20–30C in some freshwater environments and 15–20C in marine environments [33,34].Venosa and Zhu [63] reported that ambient temperature of the environment affected both the properties of spilled oil and the activity of the microorganisms.Significant biodegradation of hydrocarbons have been reported in psychrophilic environments in temperate regions [64,65].

影响石油烃降解的因素
我们已经认识到,石油烃的生物降解会受到多种因素的限制,布拉索对这个问题也进行过很多探讨.在评估纠正法是否得当时,石油烃污染物的结构组成和本身具有的生物降解特性是最重要的考虑因素.在物理因素中,温度对石油烃的生物降解产生着重要影响,不仅直接影响着污染物的化学特性,也会影响微生物菌的物理特性和多样性.阿特拉斯发现,在低温度环境下,石油粘稠度增加,毒性低分子量石油烃的挥发性减缓,阻碍了生物降解.