英语翻译近年来,尽管一般的建筑结构设计取得了很大的进步,但是取得显著成绩的还要属超高层建筑结构设计.最初的高层建筑设计是

英语翻译
近年来,尽管一般的建筑结构设计取得了很大的进步,但是取得显著成绩的还要属超高层建筑结构设计.
最初的高层建筑设计是从钢结构的设计开始的.钢筋混凝土和受力外包钢筒系统运用起来是比较经济的系统,被有效地运用于大批的民用建筑和商业建筑中.50层到100层的建筑被定义为超高层建筑.而这种建筑在美国得广泛的应用是由于新的结构系统的发展和创新.
这样的高度需要增大柱和梁的尺寸,这样以来可以使建筑物更加坚固以至于在允许的限度范围内承受风荷载而不产生弯曲和倾斜.过分的倾斜会导致建筑的隔离构件、顶棚以及其他建筑细部产生循环破坏.除此之外,过大的摇动也会使建筑的使用者们因感觉到这样的的晃动而产生不舒服的感觉.无论是钢筋混凝土结构系统还是钢结构系统都充分利用了整个建筑的刚度潜力,因此不能指望利用多余的刚度来限制侧向位移.
在钢结构系统设计中,经济预算是根据每平方英寸地板面积上的钢材的数量确定的.图示1中的曲线A显示了常规框架的平均单位的重量随着楼层数的增加而增加的情况.而曲线B显示则显示的是在框架被保护而不受任何侧向荷载的情况下的钢材的平均重量.上界和下界之间的区域显示的是传统梁柱框架的造价随高度而变化的情况.而结构工程师改进结构系统的目的就是减少这部分造价.
钢结构中的体系：钢结构的高层建筑的发展是几种结构体系创新的结果.这些创新的结构已经被广泛地应用于办公大楼和公寓建筑中.
刚性带式桁架的框架结构：为了联系框架结构的外柱和内部带式桁架,可以在建筑物的中间和顶部设置刚性带式桁架.1974年在米望基建造的威斯康森银行大楼就是一个很好的例子.
框架筒结构：如果所有的构件都用某种方式互相联系在一起,整个建筑就像是从地面发射出的一个空心筒体或是一个刚性盒子一样.这个时候此高层建筑的整个结构抵抗风荷载的所有强度和刚度将达到最大的效率.这种特殊的结构体系首次被芝加哥的43层钢筋混凝土的德威特红棕色的公寓大楼所采用.但是这种结构体系的的所有应用中最引人注目的还要属在纽约建造的100层的双筒结构的世界贸易中心大厦.

In recent years, despite the general structural design has made great progress, but also has achieved remarkable results in an ultra-high-rise building design.
The initial design of high-rise building from the beginning of the design of steel structures. Reinforced concrete and the steel tube system of outsourcing is more economical to use the system, has been effectively used in a large number of civil construction and commercial buildings. 50 - to 100-storey building is defined as a super-high-rise buildings. Such construction in the United States in a wide range of applications is due to the structure of the new system development and innovation.
This need to increase the height of the column and beam sizes, since such buildings can be more robust to the extent that the permissible limits under a wind load without bending and tilt. Excessive tilt the isolation will lead to the construction component, ceilings and other architectural details of a cycle of destruction. In addition, too much shaking of the building will also be felt by users of such jolts caused uncomfortable feeling. Whether or reinforced concrete structural system of steel structure systems are fully utilize the entire building stiffness potential and therefore can not be expected to use the surplus to limit the lateral displacement stiffness.
Steel in the system design, economic budget is based on the floor area per square inch of steel on the number of identified. Exhibit 1 shows that the curve A conventional framework of the average unit weight of several floors with the increase of the situation. Curve B shows and indicated that the framework is to be protected without any lateral load of steel under the average weight. Between the upper and lower bounds on the region shows the traditional framework of beams with high costs and changing circumstances. Improve the structure and structural engineers the purpose of this part is to reduce cost.
Steel in the system: steel structure of the high-rise building is the development of several innovative structural system results. These innovative structure has been widely used in office buildings and apartment buildings.
Belt Truss rigid frame structure: To contact the frame structure, and internal belt-truss, in the middle and top of buildings set rigid belt truss. 1974 metres in the hope of construction Weishikangsen Bank Building is a good example.
Framework tube structure: If all the components are in one way or another linked to each other, the whole building is like from the ground to launch a hollow cylinder or a rigid box. This time the entire structure of the high-rise building wind load resistance all the strength and stiffness to achieve maximum efficiency. This unique structure was Chicago's first 43-story reinforced concrete Witt red brown apartment building used. But the structure of the system in all of the applications has attracted the most attention is in New York to the construction of the 100 double-layer structure of the World Trade Center buildings.
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In recent years, the general construction structural design has made the very big progress freely, but makes the remarkable progress also to be the extra-high building structural design. the initial high-rise construction design is starts from the steel structure design. The reinforced concrete and the stress outsourcing cylinder system utilizes is the quite economical system, is utilized effectively in large quantities of civil constructions and the commercial construction. 50 to 100 constructions is defined as the extra-high building. But this kind of building in the American widespread application is as a result of the new structure system's development and the innovation. such needs to increase the column and Liang's size highly, since like this has been possible to cause the building to be firmer withstands the wind-load in the permission limit scope to carry does not have curving and the incline. The excessive incline can cause the building the isolation component, the ceiling as well as other construction detail has the circulation destruction. In addition, oversized shaking will also cause the building because the users felt such will rock has the uncomfortable feeling. Regardless of were the reinforced concrete structure system or the steel structure system fully has used the entire construction rigidity potential, therefore could not count on that the use unnecessary rigidity limited the lateral displacement. in the steel structure system design, the economical budget acts according to each square inch floor area steel products quantity to be definite. Graphical representation 1 curve A had demonstrated the conventional frame's average unit's weight along with the floor number the situation which increases increases. What but the curve B demonstration demonstrated is in the frame is protected, but not in any lateral load situation steel products weight average. Between what the upper boundary and the world of mortals region demonstrated is the traditional beam column frame construction cost along with the situation which changes highly. But structural engineer improves the structure system's goal reduces this part of construction costs. in steel structure system: The steel structure high-rise construction's development is several kind of structure system innovation result. These innovation's structure widely was already applied in the office block and in the apartment construction. rigid belt type truss portal frame construction: In order to relate the portal frame construction the outside column and the internal belt truss, may in the building middle and the crown establishment rigid belt type truss. in 1974 Wiese who constructed in Mi Wangji the Kang woods bank building is a very good example. frame tube structure: If all components use some way mutual connection in together, the entire construction likely is same from an earth launching hollow tube body perhaps a rigid box. At this time this high-rise construction's entire structure resistance wind-load carries all intensities and the rigidity will achieve the maximum efficiency. This kind of special structure system is used for the first time by Chicago's 43 reinforced concrete's De witt reddish brown's rookery. But this kind of structure system in all applications most noticeable must be 100 double barrelled structure world trade center buildings which constructs in New York.